Pratique du Shadowing: How to Win an Interstellar War - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
115 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
Could aliens destroy us from light years away?
2
Mh, another day at the Kurzgesagt Labs, where we answer the most important questions with science.
3
Today: how might civilizations wage war across light years?
4
What kind of devastating weapons could they use, and what would they look like?
5
Meet our two players.
6
A yellow dwarf star system home to a species of primates.
7
"Humans," as they call themselves, recently became a technological civilization.
8
They have rockets, nuclear reactors and memes.
9
How cute! The Smorpians disagree.
10
They reside on a planet around the orange dwarf star HD 40307, 42 light years away.
11
Smorpian civilization developed earlier than humans and they have much better technology.
12
They've recently built a Dyson swarm around their star which gives them near limitless energy.
13
And they noticed humanity, which is unfortunate as the Smorpians are planning a hyperspace bypass through our solar system, so they decided that humanity has to go.
14
Interstellar war is hard though.
15
Front lines, tactics, and logistics are meaningless at these scales.
16
It's also fought across time.
17
Decades will pass between firing a weapon and learning whether it hit or not.
18
Sending an invasion fleet is futile.
19
Even if the Smorpians travel in a large fraction of the speed of light, the journey to Earth would take decades or even centuries, and humans would have plenty of time to prepare.
20
If you want to learn more about the mind numbing problem of war between alien civilizations, we made a video about it.
21
Today we'll help the Smorpians construct a weapon that is not only extremely long range and as fast as physically possible, but that will totally destroy everything on Earth, so no human survivors will come to an act of vengeance on swap in the future.
22
In interstellar war, you want to win with one shot.
23
Our bird scientists have found three Smorpian designs: the Star Laser, the Relativistic Missile, and the Ultra-Relativistic Electron Beam.
24
All based on real technologies that humans are using in some form already.
25
Let's see how they work.
26
As an advanced technological civilization, the Smorpians harness the energy of their star by surrounding it with billions of solar power satellites.
27
This Dyson swarm collects 1% of the star's energy output, a million billion billion watts, 50 billion times more than all humanity generates.
28
What if all the power of the Dyson swarm, all those satellites were used to create a star laser?
29
Like any laser, the bigger it is, the longer its range.
30
Human-built lasers use small mirrors to focus, so they have short ranges.
31
The Smorpians could turn their entire Dyson swarm into a collective focusing element a million kilometers wide.
32
The star laser has an insane range as a result, enough to focus on target Earth from a distance of over 2 million light years.
33
OK, let's shoot it.
34
Countless tiny beams combine into a single huge beam.
35
Laser beams are normally invisible in space, but the star laser is so powerful that light scattering off bits of dust and gas in its path makes it clearly visible in the sky.
36
A gigantic column of green light.
37
The laser travels at the speed of light, which, oddly enough, is still pretty slow on a galactic level.
38
It takes a whole day until the laser has left the Smorpian system, shooting into the emptiness between stars.
39
It will travel for decades, occasionally melting the odd bit of interstellar dust or asteroid.
40
42 years after being fired, it arrives without warning.
41
Humans only notice a weird green glow in the sky, and then they're gone.
42
1% of the energy of a star, concentrated into a beam the diameter of Earth, traveling 42 light years.
43
It burns the exposed half of the planet with the intensity of 3 million Suns.
44
The seas boil and evaporate, fires scour the land, and within minutes Earth's crust begins to melt into a sea of lava.
45
As the planet rotates, it turns into a red hot hell with no trace of life.
46
After a day, it's all over and the laser dies down.
47
In another 42 years, the Smorpians will know if they've been successful.
48
That's another thing about interstellar war.
49
When you attack, your grandchildren will be the ones to find out if you won.
50
It's like all the bombs from World War II exploding in the 80s and us only seeing the effect today.
51
OK, the star laser's extreme range, speed of light attack, and ability to melt down any target make it a premier interstellar weapon.
52
But is there something else?
53
What if instead of converting the energy of their Dyson swarm into a laser, the Smorpians used it to shoot a super bullet?
54
A relativistic missile going as close to the speed of light as possible.
55
This sort of weapon is at the limits of what the Smorpian technology can handle, as it requires loads of a highly dangerous material: antimatter.
56
The evil twin of regular matter.
57
Humans have only managed to produce a few nanograms of antimatter.
58
With their unlimited energy, Smorpians can manufacture it at an industrial scale to build antimatter rockets.
59
When antimatter and matter are mixed, they annihilate, which in more practical terms means there's a big big boom releasing gamma rays and plasma.
60
The physics is complicated, but basically, if you have a really strong magnetic field you can deflect the plasma through a nozzle just like in the chemical rockets humans use.
61
But it would be much, much faster.
62
The fastest rocket possibly basically.
63
Our relativistic missile is much bigger than a skyscraper.
64
At the bottom is the bell shaped magnetic nozzle 100 meters wide.
65
On top of it are 250 floors filled with antimatter and matter ready to annihilate each other.
66
On the top floor is a 300 kilogram projectile looking quite small, about the size of a person.
67
To stop them getting damaged on the way, the missiles have dozens of sacrificial layers that form a Whipple Shield.
68
To make sure they do their job, the Smorpians build 1000 missiles.
69
Let's fire them.
70
Launching all the relativistic missiles is a spectacular event.
71
For a moment, the antimatter engines lighting up outshine their star.
72
Their exhaust is a long trail of brilliant white, and as they accelerate away, they appear redder and redder until they turn invisible.
73
With the extreme amount of energy released by the matter-antimatter reactions, the missiles are accelerated to 99.9999996% of the speed of light.
74
They have effectively infinite range, as there's nothing really to slow them down.
75
They arrive shortly after you can see them.
76
The light from their launch will take 42 years to reach Earth, so human astronomers might see the flash of the missile's launch, and then a few days later they'll hit.
77
Not enough time to prepare.
78
Each relativistic missile packs the kinetic energy of a dinosaur killer asteroid, so only one needs to hit.
79
They never reach the ground, disintegrating instead at the edge of Earth's atmosphere.
80
Intense blue flashes set everything on fire.
81
Then continent-sized fireballs slam down on the surface to smash everything into dust, repeatedly, until nothing is left but rubble and smoke.
82
So interstellar missiles with unlimited range, minimal warning, and delivering complete destruction of a planet's surface.
83
Nice. But they are a hassle to build.
84
Is there something else maybe?
85
Humans do funny things to their food to rid it of bacteria and make it safe to eat, like shooting electron beams at strawberries.
86
Small particle accelerators send electrons into the food with an energy similar to the radiation from nuclear reactions.
87
Not enough to burn the food, but deadly to bacteria.
88
Smorpians had the same idea, but bigger.
89
The main challenge with an electron beam is range.
90
Electrons are negatively charged particles, so they don't want to stay near each other.
91
A regular electron beam will quickly spread out, making it harmless.
92
Smorpians needed to cover distances of dozens of light years, so they've used the rules of the universe to trick the electrons by building an Ultra-Relativistic Electron Beam, or UREB.
93
What it does is accelerate the electrons to 99.99999… …99999… …99999… …99999… …9999998% of the speed of light.
94
Phew! Faster than even the most powerful cosmic rays.
95
The closer something travels to the speed of light, the slower time moves for it relative to the rest of the universe.
96
And since these electrons are moving so incredibly fast, for every second of spreading their experience, over 5 million years pass in real time.
97
A physics trick that lets the beam cross interstellar distances while remaining tightly focused on its target.
98
The biggest particle accelerator on Earth is 27 kilometers long.
99
The Smorpians need one that's over 100,000 kilometers long.
100
A megastructure 8 times longer than Earth is wide.
101
It's mostly a tube of magnets holding the beam together until the exit.
102
Like a long trumpet of doom surrounded by an aura of deadly radiation.
103
When it's fired, it produces a ruler straight lightning bolt pointed at Earth.
104
Its effects on arrival are less visible than the other weapons.
105
No flashes of light, no massive firestorms, no explosions.
106
It doesn't destroy rocks, it destroys DNA.
107
People get dizzy, then fall sick as their cells are pierced by radiation.
108
You might think that a deep bunker could save a few humans, but no.
109
The UREB is so penetrating that its effects accumulate to lethal doses even underground, over days or weeks.
110
In the end, just like our strawberries, Earth becomes sterile.
111
Hm, another elaborate animated science explainer by Kurzgesagt where we've learned a lot, not sure exactly what.
112
Luckily, the Smorpians don't really exist, but others… might.
113
One major downside of all our weapons is that others around the Milky Way could see you firing them, which is not ideal because you don't want to present yourself as a dangerous species and tell everybody where exactly you are.
114
So maybe instead of shouting or shooting out into the universe, the best course of action seems to be to stay relatively quiet for now, and observe.
115
Maybe one day we'll witness distant stars shooting at each other and be glad we stayed out of it.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
Même chaîne
C1118
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C246
We Made A New Channel!
University StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How Caffeine Works
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C15
We Traveled Back in Time. Now Physicists Are Angry.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C121
Queen Ant Clones Another Species
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C112
Would You Upload Your Mind?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C118
What Falling in Love Does to You
University StudentsWorking Adults
C111
You Will Only Like Half of This Video
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1149
How Antidepressants Work
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B238
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C173
We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
Dozens of Nukes Are Missing. Why? HOW?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1153
Something Travels Faster than Light
University StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How to Destroy a Black Hole
University StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Why Beautiful Things Make us Happy – Beauty Explained
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Do we Need Nuclear Energy to Stop Climate Change?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C182
The Deadliest Thing in Your Kitchen
University StudentsWorking Adults
B214
The Injection That Stops HIV
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Vidéo recommandée
C15
109 phrases
How Nuclear Flies Protect You from Flesh-Eating Parasites
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
28 phrases
How to Blow Up the Earth - Nuclear Engineer Reacts to Zack D. Films
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
40 phrases
Tanya's Speech || Humans prefer emotions over logic, irrationalism of humanity || Youjo senki
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
22 phrases
How The Universe Could Destroy Life On Earth
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C120
20 phrases
How does light 'know' the shortest path?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
150 phrases
John Mearsheimer: Why Russia Might NUKE Europe
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
128 phrases
Why The Odyssey is the Perfect Oppenheimer Sequel
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
32 phrases
Anti-matter & nuclear weapons: Why technology is always a double-edge sword | Don Lincoln
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
246 phrases
The CIA's new tech doesn't make sense
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
61 phrases
All of Astronomy in 6 minutes
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
149 phrases
Why Humans Run the World - Yuval Noah Harari on TED
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Win an Interstellar War ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Smorpian, star, beam, laser, electron. Cette vidéo contient 115 phrases et 1692 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 10:53. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 156 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 75 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| antimatter nom | /ˈæn.tiˌmæt.ɚ/ | antimatière |
| interstellar adjectif | interstellaire, intersidéral | |
| electron nom | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ | électron |
| swarm nom | /swɔɹm/ | essaim, grouillement |
| civilization nom | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | civilisation |
| accelerate verbe | /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/ | accélérer |
| particle nom | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | particule |
| melt verbe | /mɛlt/ | fondre, se dissoudre |
| accelerator nom | /əkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ | accélérateur |
| annihilate verbe | /əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt/ | annihiler, anéantir |
| bacterium nom | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | bactérie |
| nozzle nom | /ˈnɒzəl/ | ajutage |
| asteroid nom | /ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/ | astéroïde |
| strawberry nom | /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/ | fraise |
| surround verbe | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | entourer, cerner |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | They've recently built · have found · has left |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | being fired · are accelerated · is left |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | humanity, which is · them, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 12 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, they've, we'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, simulation /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃn̩/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/, smash /smæʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: relativistic /ˈɹɛl.ə.təˌvɪst.ɪk/, antimatter /ˈæn.tiˌmæt.ɚ/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, accelerator /əkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hassle /ˈhæsl̩/, harness /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/, harmless /ˈhɑɹmləs/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/, grandchild /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/, gigantic /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/, vengeance /ˈvɛnˌd͡ʒəns/, logistics /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: relativistic /ˈɹɛl.ə.təˌvɪst.ɪk/, electron /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/, swarm /swɔɹm/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme antimatter, interstellar, electron.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.