Pratique du Shadowing: I Read 107 Productivity Books. Here's What Actually Works. - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Hey friends, welcome back to the channel.
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So over the last 15 years of being absolutely obsessed with productivity,
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I have read dozens and dozens and dozens of productivity books and loads more on Kindle, but this is quite a lot of stuff.
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And so in this video, I wanna break all of these down into a nine step framework.
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These are the nine steps that I've personally distilled from all of these different books and all the research I've done.
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And if you just follow these nine steps, these are the main things that are gonna absolutely move the needle for your own productivity.
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All right, step one is to set your goals.
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This basically involves thinking about where you actually want to go and what is the destination that you're aiming for,
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because having a destination in mind helps you go on your journey and helps give you some sort of direction.
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Now, that doesn't mean that when we set a goal, we should be completely wedded and attached to the outcome that we're striving for,
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but it does mean that if you really want to be productive,
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and to me, productivity is about using our time intentionally and effectively to work towards the things that matter to us,
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we need to actually define what are in fact the things that matter to us.
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Now, there's various books that talk about dozens and dozens of different ways of doing this.
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The way that I sort of synthesize all of these is into just three simple steps.
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Think about the long -term, think about the medium -term and think about the short -term.
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So the long -term time horizon is basically like stuff like, what do you want written on your gravestone?
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The medium -term we're thinking sort of three to five years out,
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like where do I possibly maybe potentially want to be three or five years down the line?
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Now, the crucial thing for all this stuff is
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that you don't need to have perfect crystal clarity on this
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and your goals and your time horizons
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and stuff are absolutely gonna change over time
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but it's really helpful to know right now where do I think I want to be
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so that I can start moving in that direction
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because as they say it's much easier to steer a ship that's moving than to steer a ship that's stationary
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and then the short -term time horizon
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which is basically what are my goals for the year
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and in fact all three of these methods are the final chapter of my own book feel good productivity
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which you can check out down below it's available for pre -order with a bunch of bonuses
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but that'll be linked down below but essentially the way
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that I think about this short -term time horizon is the
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12 -month celebration in each of the different areas of my life, in work, in health and relationships,
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what do I want to be celebrating 12 months from now?
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Let's say I'm having dinner with a friend and we're celebrating the progress we've made.
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Maybe on the health front, it's like, oh, I'm celebrating that I've been to the gym consistently three times a week for the last 12 months.
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Maybe on the work front, I'm celebrating hitting a revenue milestone with my business.
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Maybe on the relationships front, I'm celebrating getting engaged or getting a girlfriend or whatever the thing might be.
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And so if we're condensing all of these different productivity books into the simple nine -step framework, the question that you want to ask yourself is,
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am I clear on my goals?
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What am I actually working towards?
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And if you're not clear on that, or you don't have an idea that it's worth sitting down
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and doing some journaling for just 20 minutes to think about it.
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And if you're clear on that, then you can move on to the next step.
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And the next step, once you have set your goals is to break them down.
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Now, it's all well and good having goals, but really setting the goal does not actually help you make progress towards it.
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It's better than nothing.
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But obviously, there are a load of steps involved once you've set the goal to actually making it happen.
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And therefore, this step is really all about breaking our goals down into what are the tangible actions
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that we can take to make progress towards those goals.
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Now again, depending on how many of these productivity books you read, there are dozens of ways of trying to figure this out.
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I like to keep things simple and boil it down to the basics,
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which is basically the question of what inputs do I need to do on a weekly basis
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that are going to get me to this particular goal.
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For example, for health, if the goal is to build muscle, or you can turn that into a smart goal if you really want to,
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then the weekly input would be weight training three times a week with progressive overload.
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If the goal is I want to write my first book, then the weekly input would be I want to spend 10 hours a week writing.
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I don't really believe in like making a task list
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and like breaking the goal down into like the 18 ,000 different things it takes to make the goal
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because that becomes way too complicated.
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And a lot of kind of balancing reading about productivity advice with actually doing the thing is finding
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that sweet spot where you're taking the advice on board because the advice is generally good,
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but it's not so overboard that it starts to become overwhelming.
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So just to simplify all of this down, what are the things that we need to do every week to make progress towards this goal?
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And then once we're clear on that, we move on to step number three, which is one of the most important ones,
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which is to create time blocks.
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And essentially here, the idea is that we need to make the time for these different things that we've decided,
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these weekly inputs, we need to make the time for those things in our calendar.
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Now, my favorite method for this is called the ideal week technique.
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Basically, that involves just creating a new Google calendar, calling it your ideal week, and creating calendar events for what time you want to wake up,
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what time you want to go to sleep, what time you're having lunch, what time you're at work,
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what time you're hanging out with the friends and family and date night and all that stuff.
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And you start off creating the blocks of time for the things that you have to do.
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And then you can move on to creating blocks of time for the things that you want to do.
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There's some nuance there, like have to do can often be reframed to want to do in your own mind.
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We can often choose to feel as if we have more autonomy in situations than we actually do.
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But fundamentally, the ideal week technique
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and using a calendar tells you how much time you have available to actually give to these things that you care about.
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So for example, if my goal is to build more muscle and get six pack abs or whatever the thing is,
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and I know that I need to do weight training three times a week for let's say an hour,
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that means I need to find three one hour blocks of time in my calendar,
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and then maybe with some buffer on either side for getting to the gym and getting back home.
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Now, if I physically don't have those blocks of time in my calendar, because let's say I'm working two jobs and have a family,
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then it's going to be really tricky then I should reconsider what my goal actually is
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and whether it's actually realistic for me to be able to hit the gym three times a week.
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Now, the way I think of these blocks of time is that these are containers.
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They're simply containers.
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And the first step to actually making time for this stuff is to create the containers.
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When I was working on my book, Feel Good Productivity, link down below, I had containers for about three hours basically every morning of the week.
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From nine till 12, Monday through Friday, except Wednesdays, which was like team meetings day,
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I would focus the first three hours a day on book writing.
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Now, how many words I got done was like a further down the line thing,
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but it's like the first step was to create those containers and then you can fill those containers with the time, effort, energy, blood, sweat, tears,
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whatever it takes to fill those containers.
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But the point is you have to create the containers in the first place
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and that is where this technique of time blocking really shines.
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Let's now move on to step four, which is to plan your day.
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And often the single best productivity tactic here
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that a bunch of different books talk about is the idea of setting your intentions as the first thing
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you do in the morning.
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So before starting your workday, you think to yourself, what do I actually want to accomplish today?
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This book, Make Time by Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky, is very good.
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This talks about their daily highlight, where you just ask yourself, what is today's highlight going to be?
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Similarly, the book
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The One Thing by Gary Callow talks about what is the one thing I want to get done today.
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Harvard Business Review says, what is your MIT, your most important task?
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Brian Tracy's book, Eat That Frog, talks about what is the frog, that like tricky thing that you've been procrastinating on.
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What's that one thing that you want to get done first thing in the morning?
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The point is, a lot of these different productivity books
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and experts converge on this one single piece wisdom
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which is every single day ask yourself what is the actual most important thing you want to get done
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that day and then make time for that thing in your calendar
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and then if you actually do the thing even
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if you do nothing else then the day has been a win
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and if you just can do that every day for 365 days you'll make
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so much progress
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that it'll be insane my personal favorite way of framing
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this exact question is asking myself the question of what is today's adventure going to be
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and this is great
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because you get the benefit of trying to figure out what's the most important task
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but secondly you also get the benefit of it just feeling a bit more enjoyable
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and again this is the philosophy of feel good productivity
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which is that if you can make your work feel good then you become more productive by default
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and you have more energy and more creativity and less stress
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and then life is just better all right
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then we move on to step number five we have planned our day
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we have got the blocks in the calendar for doing the thing at
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that point all that's left to do is to just get started
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and this is going to depend on what the context is
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so let's say you're a student studying for a chemistry exam
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and you've got in your calendar 10 a .m to 11 a .m study for chemistry exam.
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And let's say the clock hits 10am.
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Now, that at that point, you have a choice.
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Do you follow your intention?
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Do you do the thing that previous you said that you wanted to do in this time block 10 to 11am?
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Or do you not follow your intention?
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And do you procrastinate and do you faff around?
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And do you do whatever the hell you possibly can make a cup of coffee, go for a poo, whatever the thing might be?
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Do you do whatever you can to avoid doing the thing that your
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that your higher self has already decided that you were going to do at 10 o 'clock?
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This is something honestly
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that I still struggle with even though I'm considered to be a productivity expert
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I've literally written a book on the thing I've read hundreds of research papers
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and dozens and dozens
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and dozens of books on the thing I still do struggle with procrastination
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I had a filming block on my calendar from 9 till 1 p .m.
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it is now 12 30 and for the last three
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and a half hours I've been procrastinating in various ways from filming
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this video I went for a walk I made a coffee
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I made another coffee I went to the toilet
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I hung out with the team a little bit
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I chatted to my housemate I did everything I possibly could to avoid doing the thing
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which which is like sitting down and actually filming this video.
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Similarly, let's say it hits 5 p .m and I'm like, all right, 5 p .m to 6 .30 is my gym slot.
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And it hits 5 p .m.
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And I'm like, oh, I know I should go to the gym.
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And I know my previous self told me that I'm gonna go to the gym right now, but there's some sort of resistance,
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some kind of emotional blocker that's making me feel, oh, I don't really wanna go to the gym.
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And this is where things like motivation and discipline come in.
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A very disciplined person would say, you know what?
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It's 5 p .m and I'm gonna go to the gym regardless of how I feel about it, let's just go.
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I admire those sorts of people who have that much discipline.
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A very motivated person, although motivation waxes and wanes, would say, I feel really motivated to go to the gym right now.
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The way I think of it is I prefer something
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that I call the unblock method that I talk about in the book, which is basically about identifying what are the emotional hurdles
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that are holding me back from doing this thing
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that I have said that I wanted to do and trying to understand those emotions, trying to name the emotion,
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trying to reduce it, trying to overcome it and trying to act in the face of that emotion.
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But ultimately when all is said and done, generally we just need to get started with doing the task
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because generally getting started is way harder than actually keeping on going.
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All right, so that was step number five let's move on to step number six
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which is to stay focused
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so at this point we're sitting down to study for the chemistry exam
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or go to the gym or film the video whatever the thing might be
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and at this point the key thing
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that you need to do for your productivity to really level up your productivity is honestly
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it's really simple it's to just stay focused on doing the thing
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that you said you were going to do
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and not getting distracted not trying to multitask not trying to task switch just doing the thing
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there's some evidence i saw recently
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that like apparently the average worker wastes 28 of their day in terms of efficiency
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because they're trying to task switch or because they're getting distracted.
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Over the course of 10 years, that's a whole like three years.
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Over the course of a 40 year career, that is a whole decade that we've wasted because we're getting distracted.
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That's just an insane amount of time to waste.
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And so you can level up your productivity by quite a lot by just getting good at focusing on the thing.
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This might involve turning your phone off or chucking it across the room or having it face down, out of sight, out of mind.
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It might involve turning on a focus mode on your computer so you don't see notifications.
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It might involve putting headphones in if you're in a coffee shop
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or if you're in a coworking space or something so that people don't necessarily interrupt you.
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Deep Work by Cal Newport is basically an entire book talking about how to focus.
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And so if you struggle with focus and you know personally that this is the step that you struggle with, then seek out some books,
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seek out some resources on how to stay better focused because
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if you can stay more focused again you're massively boosting your productivity.
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Now we come to step number seven
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which is more of a kind of guiding philosophy throughout this whole system
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which is find a way to make it feel good.
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I'm going to do another little plug for my book feel good productivity here
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because that's literally what the book is about
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that the secret to productivity is not discipline it's joy and
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when we can find a way to make our work feel good
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when we can find a way for our work to generate positive emotions then we become more energized
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and the fact that we're more energized means we're more productive we're more creative we're less stressed
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but it also means we have way more energy to give to the truly important things that matter to us.
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And so the trick here really is to ask yourself that question, what can I do to make my work feel good?
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For me, that involves putting all the Lord of the Rings music in the background while I'm working.
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It involves maybe going to a coffee shop and treating it like more of an adventure.
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It involves reducing the seriousness with which I approach the work so that I feel like the stakes are lower.
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And generally when the stakes are lower, it allows us to approach our work with more of a feeling of play.
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Can I find a way to bring people into the thing?
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Can I do coworking sessions with my friends or with my team?
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Can I do
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Zoom coworking sessions?
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There's this thing called London Writer's Salon
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that does daily co -working four times a day writer's hours
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where you get on a Zoom call with like a couple of hundred other people
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and they share like a little bit of motivation around like five minutes at the start, five minutes at the end.
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Everyone just works for the other 50 minutes.
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It just makes it way more fun.
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It makes the work feel more good than just sitting on my desk, grinding away, doing it by myself.
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So at whatever stage you are of the productivity journey, ask yourself that question, that guiding philosophy,
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how can I change my approach to this work such that it actually feels good?
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Right.
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Step number eight is to then recharge your energy.
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So you've done all this stuff, but now the main thing that you want to do is to take appropriate breaks
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so that you don't don't burn yourself out.
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Now this involves conserving your energy during the workday and also recharging your energy at the end of the workday.
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And so what might that look like?
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It might look like taking a walking meeting rather than sitting down at your desk to take a meeting.
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If you can, it might involve going for lunch, but instead of sitting down somewhere for lunch in front of your desk,
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doing the work, getting a sandwich or something, and then going for a little walk.
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It might involve taking a break every hour for five minutes, 10, 15 minutes, and going to get a cup of coffee,
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going to the toilet, chatting to some people, doing some stretches, doing whatever it takes to recharge your energy.
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Productivity is to an extent about time management.
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Like you have to create these containers of time.
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And if you don't, then you know, obviously time is a finite resource, but even though time is a finite resource,
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energy is a renewable resource and we can renew our energy throughout the workday
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and at the end of the workday by doing things that are appropriately recharging.
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Now, one easy way of doing this is to just make a list.
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And on one side of the list, ask yourself, what are the things that genuinely recharge your energy when you do them?
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And then on the other side of the list, ask yourself, what are the things you find yourself doing when you are drained of energy?
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So for example, for me, what are the things that recharge my energy?
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Well, going for a walk recharges my energy.
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Going to the gym often recharges my energy.
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Reading a book, playing the guitar.
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These are the things that recharge my energy.
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But when I'm actually drained, what are the things I end up doing?
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Scrolling TikTok, scrolling Instagram, scrolling
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Twitter, watching random YouTube videos those are the things I find myself doing, but it's weird because those things don't actually recharge my energy.
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And so this whole idea of recharging involves sort of nudging our behavior towards the things
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that we know give us energy rather than the things
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that we feel like we can only do when we don't have any energy.
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And this energy thing is kind of weird because generally for an activity to be recharging, it does require some input of energy.
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Like if you're completely drained, then going for a walk would be the last thing that you want to do.
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But counterintuitively going for a walk is actually going to generate
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way more energy than just plonking out on the sofa and scrolling through TikTok.
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Now, there's another really great way of recharging your energy and that involves learning new things.
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And learning new things for me, I find to be an incredible way of generating more energy,
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which gives me more energy to give to the other important things in life.
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But also learning new things and expanding my knowledge and my understanding is generally a core value of mine,
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which is why I'm thrilled to say that this video is very kindly sponsored by Brilliant.
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And Brilliant is the best way to learn maths, data science and computer science interactively.
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I've been using
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Brilliant for learning since 2019.
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They've got incredible interactive courses on all these different topics, and it's really built for busy people.
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If you're doing a lot of things in your life, but you do want to make time for this learning stuff,
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then even in just 15 minutes a day, you can make meaningful progress in advancing the skills of these subjects that you care about.
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For me personally, my favorite courses on Brilliant are the ones in the computer science category, because 10 years ago now,
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that was like ah i kind of wish i'd learned computer science as well just
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because it's really cool and because i enjoy tech and coding
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and computers and so brilliant has given me a great introduction to computer science
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and the fundamentals of programming and algorithms and an introduction to python
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and it makes it way more energizing to do a course on brilliant than it does to do the alternative
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which would be to scroll something on social media.
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Now, if you're interested in programming in particular, like I am, then they've got a brand new thinking in code course,
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that I most attribute to any of the success I've had in life is learning how to code
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when I was quite young, because learning how to code changes the way that you look at the world.
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It helps you see the problems in the world
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and helps you realize what are the things that you can build solutions for.
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And all of the businesses
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I've built over the last like 15 years of my life trying to make money on the internet
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and building businesses have fundamentally been downstream of learning to code, including this YouTube channel.
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So thank you so much
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Brilliant for sponsoring this video.
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But the final step in this nine step framework is to reflect.
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And this might involve doing something like a daily reflection, which is like, how did my day go?
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Like, did I do my daily highlight?
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Did I do the thing that mattered to me?
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To what extent did I follow my intentions?
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It might involve doing something like a weekly review, which is super helpful and reflecting on things like what were the top wins from last week?
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What were the biggest challenges?
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What were my biggest learning points?
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What are the top three things I want to get done next week?
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Have I blocked out time in the calendar for doing those things?
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And actually doing that even just takes 20 minutes, half an hour every single week.
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It's just absolutely game changing and does move the needle for making sure
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that the things that we're going to do next week are actually aligned with the direction that we want to go.
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And then this reflection piece might involve doing something like a quarterly review every three months, taking a look at the goals sheet and being like,
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hey, are these goals still the goals that I want?
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I actually want to actively work towards because we're all pretty good at setting like annual goals, but then we don't look at those annual goals.
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We don't revisit them.
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Whereas revisiting them every quarter is remarkably helpful.
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And I always find that when I do that, I realize, oh, you know, that goal that I set six months ago in January,
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honestly, that's no longer relevant.
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And so it doesn't really make sense for me to continue to work towards that thing, even though it's no longer relevant to my life.
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Like people think that productivity is like this grindy type thing, but actually a lot thinkers,
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philosophers, psychologists have found over the years that meaning and fulfillment comes from the pursuit of goals that feel meaningful to us.
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And so if we can find a way to figure out what are the things that bring us meaning,
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and for the record, they don't have to be work things, they can be spending time with your family, all that kind of stuff.
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But like defining what are the things that bring us meaning, and then just intentionally doing those things,
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that is what gives us a healthy, balanced, holistic life.
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And then there are a few optional extras you can do on top of that.
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You can learn to do stuff faster.
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This is sort of the philosophy of efficiency.
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You You can learn keyboard shortcuts.
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You can learn to type faster, all of this.
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You can use funkier apps that like make it 1 % more efficient for you to do something.
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Secondly, you can learn to add systems for leverage.
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You can use AI tools and other tools to boost your own productivity by using a system to leverage your own inputs.
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You could potentially even add people to the mix.
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If you have enough money, you can delegate things to people.
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If you're a business owner, you absolutely should delegate things to people.
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Fourthly, you can capture open loops.
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This is David Allen's book, Getting Things Done.
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It's all about capturing open loops in our mind into a task management system of some sort
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and then clarifying those tasks and organizing them and then doing them
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and you can do stuff like building a second brain
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which is the book by my friend tiago forte
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which is all about building a personal knowledge management system for digital note taking
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so that you can maximize your creative output like these are all really good things for productivity
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but i feel like these are all add -ons to the main thing
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and the main thing is basically figure out where you want to go make time for those things sit down
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and actually do the thing do it consistently for a long time
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and then reflect appropriately on like how you're getting there
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and whether you want to change direction along the way now
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if you enjoyed this video then i would I'd love it if you could pre -order my book, please.
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There'll be loads of bonuses, link down below.
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And if you wanna learn more about how to manage your time and my favorite method for time management,
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I call it the Trident Technique or the Trident Method, that'll be linked in the video right over here.
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So thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next one.
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Bye -bye.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « I Read 107 Productivity Books. Here's What Actually Works ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : goal, productivity, energy, step. Cette vidéo contient 352 phrases et 4919 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 18:31. 86 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| productivity nom | /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ | productivité |
| involve verbe | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | impliquer, involver |
| calendar nom | /ˈkæl.ən.də/ | calendrier |
| container nom | /kənˈteɪ.nəɹ/ | récipient, contenant |
| scroll nom | /skɹoʊl/ | rouleau (de papyrus ou de parchemin), papyrus |
| technique nom | /tɛkˈniːk/ | technique |
| discipline nom | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | discipline |
| emotion nom | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | émotion |
| ideal adjectif | /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ | idéal |
| desk nom | /dɛsk/ | bureau, pupitre |
| helpful adjectif | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | utile, serviable |
| reflect verbe | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | refléter, réfléchir |
| resource nom | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | ressource |
| chemistry nom | /ˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/ | chimie |
| examination nom | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | examen |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| sit down verbe | s'asseoir | |
| figure out verbe | cerner | |
| check out verbe | mater, regarder | |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir | |
| get back verbe | retourner | |
| get off verbe | descendre, faire descendre | |
| wake up verbe | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | se réveiller |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- What am I actually working towards?
- Do you follow your intention?
- A very disciplined person would say, you know what?
- Did I do the thing that mattered to me?
- To what extent did I follow my intentions?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | you've been procrastinating · I've been procrastinating · I've been using |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have read · I've personally distilled · we've made |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be linked · is called · be reframed |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | three, which is · Wednesdays, which was · four, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 99 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, don't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, thrill /θɹɪl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, headphones /ˈhɛdfoʊnz/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, adventure /ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, container /kənˈteɪ.nəɹ/, scroll /skɹoʊl/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme productivity, involve, calendar.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.