शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

This is 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Welcome to 6 Minute English.

I'm Rob.

And I'm Neil.

Hello.

Today we're talking about an unusual type of tourism.

Now, tourism is the business of providing services such as transport, or places to stay, or entertainment for people who are on holiday.

But instead of providing sunny holidays in a nice hotel by the sea, this is where tourists travel to sites of death, brutality and terror.

It's being called dark tourism.

Now, Rob, have you ever been to any dark tourist destination or place?

Yes, I visited Auschwitz in Poland.

A fascinating trip, but an obviously depressing place.

And next month I'm planning to go to visit Chernobyl, the site of a catastrophic nuclear accident back in 1986.

So these are not your typical sightseeing trips, but a visit to places that make you curious because of their significance significance, their importance in history.

Exactly.

We'll talk more about this soon, but not before I set you today's question.

Now, Robyn Island in South Africa is one dark tourism destination.

It's where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years.

But do you know in which year it finally closed as a prison?

Was it in A 1991, B 1996 or C 1999?

I don't know but I am going to guess A 1991

because I think he was released in 89 and surely they would have shut it down pretty quickly after that.

Well, I like your thinking.

I'll reveal the answer later on.

So let's talk more about dark tourism.

The word dark is used here because it relates to places that are connected with bad or sinister things, or things that could be considered morally wrong.

It's strange to want to visit places like these.

There is what we call a morbid fascination.

It's showing an interest in things connected with death and destruction, and these kinds of trips are on the increase.

Yes, there are organised tours to places like Ground Zero in New York, the killing fields in Cambodia and the nuclear power station in Chernobyl.

And there are the battlefields of World War I and II and the top security prison of Alcatraz.

There are also plans to turn the disaster site of the

Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan into a tourist destination once the radiation is reduced.

But why do people want to visit these macabre sites?

Well, I mentioned curiosity and a chance to learn about history, but sometimes people just feel compelled to visit them.

But what about the ethics of dark tourism?

Is it wrong to make this trip?

Are we not just exploiting or making money or cashing in on someone suffering?

Dr Philip Stone is an expert in the subject.

He's director of the Institute for Dark Tourism Research.

He says this type of tourism isn't new.

People have been visiting these types of places for years.

He says it's always been there.

It's not new in the sense that we are fascinated by other death and the people's suffering,

but it's how it's packaged up by the tourist industry.

So, he says, dark tourism isn't new.

In fact, a medieval execution was an early form of dark tourism.

Maybe it's just human nature that draws us to these places.

Dr Stone says it's all about how these dark trips are packaged.

So it depends how they're sold and how tasteful they are.

Are they sensitive to the horrors of what has taken place?

Yes, being able to walk around a historic site or visit a museum is one thing,

but how about staying in a former prison in Latvia and paying to be treated like a prisoner?

Or how about crawling around Vietnamese war tunnels whilst people fire guns outside?

Hmm, maybe that's taking the experience too far.

Dr Stone says there's a blurred line between memorialisation and tourism.

He means it's hard to separate going to remember an event and the people who've died

with visiting somewhere as part of a holiday.

Another issue when visiting these places is how you remember your visit you must be respectful.

Perhaps taking photos, yes, but should you take a selfie?

And should you buy a souvenir or send a postcard home?

Yes, well you certainly wouldn't write on your postcard, wish you were here.

Anyway, let's now reveal the answer to the question I set you earlier.

Yes, this was about the former prison on Robben Island, which is now a popular destination for dark tourism.

I asked you when it finally closed as a prison.

Was it in A 1991, B 1996 or C 1999?

And I said A 1991.

you were wrong actually.

It was in 1996.

About 350,000 people now visit the site every year, which shows how much interest there is in a place that you would have once never wanted to go near.

Is it somewhere you would like to visit, Neil?

Err, I'm not so sure about dark tourism, to be honest.

OK.

Well, could you instead remind us of the vocabulary that we've heard today?

Yes, we heard...

...tourism, depressing, catastrophic, curious, morally wrong,

morbid fascination, macabre, compelled, ethics,

exploiting, human nature, tasteful, memorialisation, Respectful.

Thanks, Neil.

Well, we hope you've enjoyed today's programme.

Please join us again soon for 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

Bye.

That was 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: tourism, dark, visit, site, prison। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 83 वाक्य और 890 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 6:06 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 146 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। केवल 81% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है। इसके 83 वाक्यों में से 15 प्रश्न हैं, इसलिए यह प्रश्नों के लहजे और छोटे जवाबों के अभ्यास के लिए अच्छा है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 11 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्द	उच्चारण	अर्थ
compel क्रिया	/kəmˈpɛl/	विवश करना
postcard संज्ञा	/ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/	पोस्टकार्ड
tasteful विशेषण	/ˈteɪstfəl/	स्वादिष्ट, रुचिकर
respectful विशेषण	/ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/	सम्मानपूर्वक
souvenir संज्ञा	/ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/	स्मारिका, यादगार
brutality संज्ञा	/ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/	बर्बरता, क्रूरता
vocabulary संज्ञा	/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/	शब्दावली
battlefield संज्ञा	/ˈbætəlˌfiːld/	युद्धक्षेत्र, रणक्षेत्र
curiosity संज्ञा	/ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/	जिज्ञासा
sunny विशेषण	/ˈsʌni/	धूपदार, आफताबी
prisoner संज्ञा	/ˈpɹɪzənə/	बँधुआ, बंदी

दोहराने लायक वाक्य

वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:

Today we're talking about an unusual type of tourism.
I'll reveal the answer later on.
Perhaps taking photos, yes, but should you take a selfie?

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	being called · was imprisoned · was released
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	it's always been · has taken · we've heard
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	people who are · Island, which is

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 15 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, isn't, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

/v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: souvenir /ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, medieval /mɪdˈi.vəl/
/z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/, imprison /ɪmˈpɹɪzən/, prisoner /ˈpɹɪzənə/
/æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर compel, postcard, tasteful जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

दोहराने लायक वाक्य

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?