تدريب Shadowing: Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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This is 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Welcome to 6 Minute English.
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I'm Rob.
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And I'm Neil.
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Hello.
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Today we're talking about an unusual type of tourism.
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Now, tourism is the business of providing services such as transport, or places to stay, or entertainment for people who are on holiday.
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But instead of providing sunny holidays in a nice hotel by the sea, this is where tourists travel to sites of death, brutality and terror.
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It's being called dark tourism.
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Now, Rob, have you ever been to any dark tourist destination or place?
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Yes, I visited Auschwitz in Poland.
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A fascinating trip, but an obviously depressing place.
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And next month I'm planning to go to visit Chernobyl, the site of a catastrophic nuclear accident back in 1986.
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So these are not your typical sightseeing trips, but a visit to places that make you curious because of their significance significance, their importance in history.
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Exactly.
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We'll talk more about this soon, but not before I set you today's question.
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Now, Robyn Island in South Africa is one dark tourism destination.
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It's where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years.
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But do you know in which year it finally closed as a prison?
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Was it in A 1991, B 1996 or C 1999?
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I don't know but I am going to guess A 1991
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because I think he was released in 89 and surely they would have shut it down pretty quickly after that.
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Well, I like your thinking.
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I'll reveal the answer later on.
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So let's talk more about dark tourism.
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The word dark is used here because it relates to places that are connected with bad or sinister things, or things that could be considered morally wrong.
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It's strange to want to visit places like these.
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There is what we call a morbid fascination.
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It's showing an interest in things connected with death and destruction, and these kinds of trips are on the increase.
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Yes, there are organised tours to places like Ground Zero in New York, the killing fields in Cambodia and the nuclear power station in Chernobyl.
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And there are the battlefields of World War I and II and the top security prison of Alcatraz.
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There are also plans to turn the disaster site of the
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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan into a tourist destination once the radiation is reduced.
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But why do people want to visit these macabre sites?
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Well, I mentioned curiosity and a chance to learn about history, but sometimes people just feel compelled to visit them.
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But what about the ethics of dark tourism?
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Is it wrong to make this trip?
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Are we not just exploiting or making money or cashing in on someone suffering?
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Dr Philip Stone is an expert in the subject.
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He's director of the Institute for Dark Tourism Research.
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He says this type of tourism isn't new.
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People have been visiting these types of places for years.
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He says it's always been there.
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It's not new in the sense that we are fascinated by other death and the people's suffering,
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but it's how it's packaged up by the tourist industry.
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So, he says, dark tourism isn't new.
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In fact, a medieval execution was an early form of dark tourism.
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Maybe it's just human nature that draws us to these places.
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Dr Stone says it's all about how these dark trips are packaged.
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So it depends how they're sold and how tasteful they are.
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Are they sensitive to the horrors of what has taken place?
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Yes, being able to walk around a historic site or visit a museum is one thing,
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but how about staying in a former prison in Latvia and paying to be treated like a prisoner?
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Or how about crawling around Vietnamese war tunnels whilst people fire guns outside?
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Hmm, maybe that's taking the experience too far.
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Dr Stone says there's a blurred line between memorialisation and tourism.
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He means it's hard to separate going to remember an event and the people who've died
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with visiting somewhere as part of a holiday.
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Another issue when visiting these places is how you remember your visit you must be respectful.
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Perhaps taking photos, yes, but should you take a selfie?
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And should you buy a souvenir or send a postcard home?
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Yes, well you certainly wouldn't write on your postcard, wish you were here.
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Anyway, let's now reveal the answer to the question I set you earlier.
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Yes, this was about the former prison on Robben Island, which is now a popular destination for dark tourism.
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I asked you when it finally closed as a prison.
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Was it in A 1991, B 1996 or C 1999?
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And I said A 1991.
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you were wrong actually.
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It was in 1996.
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About 350,000 people now visit the site every year, which shows how much interest there is in a place that you would have once never wanted to go near.
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Is it somewhere you would like to visit, Neil?
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Err, I'm not so sure about dark tourism, to be honest.
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OK.
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Well, could you instead remind us of the vocabulary that we've heard today?
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Yes, we heard...
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...tourism, depressing, catastrophic, curious, morally wrong,
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morbid fascination, macabre, compelled, ethics,
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exploiting, human nature, tasteful, memorialisation, Respectful.
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Thanks, Neil.
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Well, we hope you've enjoyed today's programme.
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Please join us again soon for 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Bye.
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Bye.
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That was 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: tourism, dark, visit, site, prison. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 83 جملة و890 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:06. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 146 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 81% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا. 15 من أصل 83 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
compel فعل/kəmˈpɛl/أَكْرَهَ, أَجْبَرَ
fascinate فعل/ˈfæsɪneɪt/فَتَنَ
morbid صفة/ˈmɔɹ.bɪd/مَرْضِيّ
postcard اسم/ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/كَرْت بَرِيدِيّ
respectful صفة/ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/مُحْتَرَم
exploit اسم/ˈɛksplɔɪt/مَأْثُرَة
significance اسم/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/مَعْنَى
imprison فعل/ɪmˈpɹɪzən/حَبَسَ, سَجَنَ
sightseeing اسمزِيَارَة مَعَالِم اَلْمَدِينَة, سِيَاحَة
souvenir اسم/ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/تَذْكار
blur فعل/blɝ/غَشَّى, غَبَّش
sinister صفة/ˈsɪ.nɪ.stəɹ/شَرِير
brutality اسم/ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/وحشية
selfie اسم/ˈsɛlfi/سِلْفِي, سِيلْفِي
vocabulary اسم/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/مُفْرَدَات, ذَخِيرَة لُغَوِيَّة

جمل تستحق التكرار

جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:

  • Today we're talking about an unusual type of tourism.
  • I'll reveal the answer later on.
  • Perhaps taking photos, yes, but should you take a selfie?

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهbeing called · was imprisoned · was released
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhas taken · we've heard · you've enjoyed
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءpeople who are · Island, which is

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 15 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, isn't, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: compel /kəmˈpɛl/, postcard /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/, respectful /ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/, exploit /ˈɛksplɔɪt/, depressing /dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: souvenir /ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, medieval /mɪdˈi.vəl/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: postcard /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/, tasteful /ˈteɪstfəl/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, respectful /ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/, exploit /ˈɛksplɔɪt/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل compel, fascinate, morbid.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →