Практика Shadowing: Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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This is 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Welcome to 6 Minute English.
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I'm Rob.
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And I'm Neil.
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Hello.
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Today we're talking about an unusual type of tourism.
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Now, tourism is the business of providing services such as transport, or places to stay, or entertainment for people who are on holiday.
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But instead of providing sunny holidays in a nice hotel by the sea, this is where tourists travel to sites of death, brutality and terror.
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It's being called dark tourism.
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Now, Rob, have you ever been to any dark tourist destination or place?
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Yes, I visited Auschwitz in Poland.
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A fascinating trip, but an obviously depressing place.
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And next month I'm planning to go to visit Chernobyl, the site of a catastrophic nuclear accident back in 1986.
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So these are not your typical sightseeing trips, but a visit to places that make you curious because of their significance significance, their importance in history.
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Exactly.
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We'll talk more about this soon, but not before I set you today's question.
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Now, Robyn Island in South Africa is one dark tourism destination.
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It's where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years.
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But do you know in which year it finally closed as a prison?
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Was it in A 1991, B 1996 or C 1999?
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I don't know but I am going to guess A 1991
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because I think he was released in 89 and surely they would have shut it down pretty quickly after that.
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Well, I like your thinking.
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I'll reveal the answer later on.
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So let's talk more about dark tourism.
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The word dark is used here because it relates to places that are connected with bad or sinister things, or things that could be considered morally wrong.
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It's strange to want to visit places like these.
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There is what we call a morbid fascination.
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It's showing an interest in things connected with death and destruction, and these kinds of trips are on the increase.
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Yes, there are organised tours to places like Ground Zero in New York, the killing fields in Cambodia and the nuclear power station in Chernobyl.
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And there are the battlefields of World War I and II and the top security prison of Alcatraz.
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There are also plans to turn the disaster site of the
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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan into a tourist destination once the radiation is reduced.
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But why do people want to visit these macabre sites?
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Well, I mentioned curiosity and a chance to learn about history, but sometimes people just feel compelled to visit them.
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But what about the ethics of dark tourism?
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Is it wrong to make this trip?
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Are we not just exploiting or making money or cashing in on someone suffering?
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Dr Philip Stone is an expert in the subject.
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He's director of the Institute for Dark Tourism Research.
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He says this type of tourism isn't new.
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People have been visiting these types of places for years.
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He says it's always been there.
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It's not new in the sense that we are fascinated by other death and the people's suffering,
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but it's how it's packaged up by the tourist industry.
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So, he says, dark tourism isn't new.
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In fact, a medieval execution was an early form of dark tourism.
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Maybe it's just human nature that draws us to these places.
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Dr Stone says it's all about how these dark trips are packaged.
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So it depends how they're sold and how tasteful they are.
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Are they sensitive to the horrors of what has taken place?
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Yes, being able to walk around a historic site or visit a museum is one thing,
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but how about staying in a former prison in Latvia and paying to be treated like a prisoner?
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Or how about crawling around Vietnamese war tunnels whilst people fire guns outside?
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Hmm, maybe that's taking the experience too far.
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Dr Stone says there's a blurred line between memorialisation and tourism.
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He means it's hard to separate going to remember an event and the people who've died
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with visiting somewhere as part of a holiday.
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Another issue when visiting these places is how you remember your visit you must be respectful.
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Perhaps taking photos, yes, but should you take a selfie?
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And should you buy a souvenir or send a postcard home?
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Yes, well you certainly wouldn't write on your postcard, wish you were here.
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Anyway, let's now reveal the answer to the question I set you earlier.
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Yes, this was about the former prison on Robben Island, which is now a popular destination for dark tourism.
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I asked you when it finally closed as a prison.
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Was it in A 1991, B 1996 or C 1999?
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And I said A 1991.
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you were wrong actually.
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It was in 1996.
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About 350,000 people now visit the site every year, which shows how much interest there is in a place that you would have once never wanted to go near.
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Is it somewhere you would like to visit, Neil?
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Err, I'm not so sure about dark tourism, to be honest.
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OK.
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Well, could you instead remind us of the vocabulary that we've heard today?
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Yes, we heard...
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...tourism, depressing, catastrophic, curious, morally wrong,
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morbid fascination, macabre, compelled, ethics,
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exploiting, human nature, tasteful, memorialisation, Respectful.
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Thanks, Neil.
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Well, we hope you've enjoyed today's programme.
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Please join us again soon for 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Bye.
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Bye.
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That was 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen». Чаще всего повторяются слова: tourism, dark, visit, site, prison. В этом видео 83 предложений и 890 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:06. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 146 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 81% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная. Вопросов здесь 15 из 83 предложений, так что это хорошая тренировка вопросительной интонации и коротких ответов.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| compel глагол | /kəmˈpɛl/ | подчиня́ть |
| fascinate глагол | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | очаро́вывать, очарова́ть |
| macabre прилагательное | /məˈkɑb/ | макабрический |
| memorialization существительное | /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/ | мемориализа́ция |
| morbid прилагательное | /ˈmɔɹ.bɪd/ | боле́зненный, нездоро́вый |
| postcard существительное | /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/ | почто́вая откры́тка, откры́тка |
| catastrophic прилагательное | /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/ | катастрофи́ческий, катастрофи́чный |
| morally наречие | /ˈmɔɹəli/ | мора́льно |
| respectful прилагательное | /ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/ | уважи́тельный, почти́тельный |
| exploit существительное | /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ | по́двиг, сверше́ние |
| depressing прилагательное | /dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ/ | гнету́щий, тя́гостный |
| significance существительное | /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ | значе́ние |
| imprison глагол | /ɪmˈpɹɪzən/ | лиша́ть свобо́ды, заключа́ть в тюрьму́ |
| sightseeing существительное | осмо́тр достопримеча́тельностей | |
| souvenir существительное | /ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/ | сувени́р |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- Today we're talking about an unusual type of tourism.
- I'll reveal the answer later on.
- Perhaps taking photos, yes, but should you take a selfie?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | being called · was imprisoned · was released |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has taken · we've heard · you've enjoyed |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | people who are · Island, which is |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 15 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, isn't, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, memorialization /məˌmɔːɹi.əˌlaɪˈzeɪ̯.ʃən/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: macabre /məˈkɑb/, morbid /ˈmɔɹ.bɪd/, postcard /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/, battlefield /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как compel, fascinate, macabre.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.