Pratica di Shadowing: Pelvic & Abdominal Pain History | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2 - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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178 frasi
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Hi, my name is Grace.
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I'm one of the doctors working in A &E today.
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Do you mind just confirming your name and date of birth?
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It's Amy Brooks, 14th of the 10th of 96th.
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Okay, nice to meet you, Amy.
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And how can I help you today?
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I've just been having
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this really bad stomach pain the last few days okay sorry to hear it um before
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we begin can i just check are you comfortable enough to answer some questions yeah
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i was given some codeine i feel a bit better okay fine
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if that changes just let me know
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because i want you to be comfortable okay and
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so amy do you want to start by telling me a bit more about the pain
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that you've been experiencing as it started two days ago
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and kind of went away after a little bit and then it came back and it's just been getting worse since then.
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Okay and where abouts is the pain?
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Like sort of lower abdomen like a little bit to the left as well.
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Is it going anywhere else?
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No. And what does it feel like?
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Like a really sharp like stabbing pain.
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Okay and I mean that sounds really uncomfortable and
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if you were to grade on a severity out of ten
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with ten out of ten being the worst pain how bad was it when it was at its worst?
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About a nine out of ten this morning.
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Okay and what's it like now?
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It's probably about a sixth okay um
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and the pain is it there all the time
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or is it kind of coming in waves or coming
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and going since this morning it's been there constantly
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and has anything made it better or worse uh
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so yesterday i had some paracetamol and i had like a hot water bottle
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and that helped a little bit um
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but it didn't really help at all this morning okay okay
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and other than the pain have you been feeling unwell in any other ways
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i've felt quite like dizzy since this morning as well okay tell me a bit more about
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that just if I kind of stand up from sitting I feel quite faint
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okay and how long does
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that feeling last for not very long it goes away after a few seconds
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and is that only happening when you're standing up
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or is it happening when you're sitting down as well just
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when I stand okay and have you fainted at all okay
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and have you noticed any in any other ways
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that you've been feeling unwell I've just been feeling quite sick as well okay
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and have you been sick yeah i was sick
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this morning okay okay well amy it sounds like you're feeling quite unwell um you've described to me pain
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that started the day before yesterday
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but it's gotten much worse today low down your tummy
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and stabbing um i think what i'm going to do is
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just ask you a few more questions about it generally okay
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so you mentioned feeling quite sick
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and being sick this morning can i check was there any blood in
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that vomit no and have you had anything to eat today
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and not this morning no no okay you've been kind of off your food i just since this morning okay
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and when did you last have something to eat i had some dinner last night
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and are you drinking okay
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and any change to your bowels at all no that's been fine okay
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and when did you last open your bowels uh just this morning any blood
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or mucus no okay
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and what about going for a wee any changes there no that's been normal no um burning
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or stinging you're not going more often than usual no blood
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when you're going for a wee okay have you had a fever or sweats at all no
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and you mentioned that you've been feeling quite lightheaded
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when you're standing up
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so can i check any chest pain at all no any palpitations what about your breathing is
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that all right that's all fine
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and have you been unwell with any other illnesses recently uh no okay
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and the pain is quite low down in your tummy
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so can i check i'm thinking about vaginal discharge have been any changes
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there any vaginal bleeding just a little bit of spotting this morning okay
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and tell me a bit more about
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that i mean are you someone who has regular periods what's normal for you uh they're quite irregular
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and quite light okay
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and have they always been a regular uh no i had the coil fitted about a year ago um
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so they were regular before that they were just really heavy is
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that the Mirena coil okay and when's the last time you had a bleed with
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that apart from today about seven weeks ago I think okay and is
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that sort of the normal amount of time between your bleeds with the Mirena not really
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it's longer than normal yeah okay and you mentioned
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that before you had the coil put in you had quite
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heavy periods did you have a diagnosis of anything like fibroids
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or cysts at all that you're aware of have you had any ultrasounds
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or scans before okay any previous pregnancies no have you had anything like this before this kind of
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pain with bleeding um not apart from periods okay can i check are your smears up to date yeah
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and have they all been normal yeah they've all been fine okay
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and i'm just going to check as well because it could be relevant are you sexually active at the moment
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okay and is that with a regular partner
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or casual partners uh with my boyfriend okay
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and um when's the last time that you had a partner
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that was different to your current boyfriend uh about three years ago okay
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and how long have you been with your boyfriend for my current boyfriend two years two years okay
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and have you ever had a sexual health screening before yes i have okay
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and when was the most recent time that you had
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that about two years ago when we got together lovely
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and was that normal yeah that was fine fine
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and have you ever had a sexually transmitted infection before yeah about three years ago
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and which infection was that I had chlamydia
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and did you get antibiotics in that I did okay perfect
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and and can I just check just to make sure
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when was the last time
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that you had sex with your partner about three days ago now okay
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and I know you have the my arena room
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which would protect you against pregnancy can I to use condoms as well
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or just some irena no just coil okay okay thanks for answering those questions
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so i think what i'm going to do is just summarize back to you to make sure
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that we've not missed anything here so you've described a pain
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that started a couple of days ago kind of low down in your tummy
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and on the left hand side it went away
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but then it's come back today
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and it's stabbing it's been up to a nine out of ten severity it's very uncomfortable you vomited with it
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and you felt quite lightheaded when you're standing up
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and you've also noticed some sort of vaginal spotting as well
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which is a bit out of sync with what's normal for you um
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and you have a regular partner
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that you've been with for a couple of years is
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that right yeah okay
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and can i just check amy you said you've not had something particularly like this before
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but did you have any thoughts of what this could be um at first
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i thought maybe just a period pain um i'm not sure
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if it's maybe something worse like a cyst or something like
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that okay yeah i mean that's a reasonable thought with the pain being done there
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and on one side and sometimes people have something they're particularly worried about
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when they come in is there anything that you want to tell me
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or ask me about any worries you might have I've just had two days off work already
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and I can't really afford to take any more time off
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so I just really want to kind of get to the bottom of it
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and find out what's what's wrong yeah of course
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and obviously coming into A &E we're here to help you to figure out what's going on
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and to make sure you're comfortable was there anything else you had in mind
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that you wanted us to help you with today uh just to find out what it is okay
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fine so amy i've not met you before
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so you've given me a really good idea about what's been happening in the last few days um
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but i just want to check things before that
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and a bit about your background
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so can i ask do you have any other medical conditions
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at all no do you take any regular medications no
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i don't are you allergic to anything are there any conditions
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that run in your family at all i don't think so no and specifically any kind of gynecological conditions
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uh no okay and your living situation
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so who do you live with at the moment i just live with my boyfriend okay
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and you mentioned you're a bit worried about having time off work what is it
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that you do for work i'm an accountant okay
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and can i ask um do you smoke at all uh yeah
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i do yeah how many a day probably about 10 a day okay
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and how old were you when you started smoking uh 19.
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okay
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and do you take any drugs at all any recreational drugs
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do you drink alcohol a little bit not a lot usually just
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if i go out with friends or something like that okay
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and how much would you have if you went out with friends maybe like two
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or three drinks like vodka tonics or something like that okay
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so perfect do you give me a good idea there about what's going on amy
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so what i'm going to do i'm just going to summarize back to you to make sure
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that we've not missed anything
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so you've described quite severe lower abdominal pain on the left -hand side
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that started a couple of days ago
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and got worse today you vomited you're feeling lightheaded
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and you've also had some spotting bleeding otherwise you're generally in good health you don't take any regular medications is
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that right yes is there anything else
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that you'd like to add I don't think so okay
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and do you have any questions for me no okay and that case
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Amy that's all for today okay thank you your time thank you today
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i spoke with amy brooks a 27 year old woman who's presented to the accident
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and emergency department with a two -day history of progressive left lower quadrant pain this pain is sharp severe
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and stabbing she's also been feeling nauseous and has vomited
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and has been feeling lightheaded understanding amy has also experienced some vaginal bleeding for the last couple of days
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which she describes as light spotting.
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She has a Mirena IUD in situ and hasn't had a bleed for the last seven weeks which is unusual for her.
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She has a regular male partner and last had a sexual health screen two years ago which was negative.
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Amy has no other medical conditions and takes no regular medications.
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She lives with her partner.
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Her main concern is getting back to work and she worries that this could be something like an ovarian cyst.
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The most important differentials to consider today would be an ectopic pregnancy
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or ovarian pathology such as ovarian cyst rupture or ovarian torsion.
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In order to complete my assessment today, I would perform an abdominal examination, check vital signs and perform a urinary pregnancy test.
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For this patient I would consider referring them urgently to the gynaecology team for their assessment
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and management and their consideration of further imaging.
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178
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Pelvic & Abdominal Pain History”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: pain, amy, feeling, regular. Questo video contiene 178 frasi e 2087 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 10:25. Chi parla va veloce, circa 200 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| bleed verbo | /ˈbliːd/ | sanguinare |
| pregnancy sostantivo | /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/ | gravidanza |
| stab verbo | /stæb/ | pugnalare, accoltellare |
| coil sostantivo | /kɔɪl/ | spirale |
| vomit verbo | /ˈvɑmɪt/ | vomitare, rimettere |
| medication sostantivo | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | medicazione |
| sharp aggettivo | /ʃɑɹp/ | affilato, aguzzo |
| assessment sostantivo | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | accertamento |
| infection sostantivo | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | infezione |
| uncomfortable aggettivo | /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/ | scomodo |
| sexually avverbio | /ˈsɛksjʊəli/ | sessualmente |
| faint aggettivo | /feɪnt/ | debole, perdere i sensi |
| severity sostantivo | /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/ | severità |
| abdominal aggettivo | /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ | addominale |
| bowel sostantivo | /ˈbaʊ.əl/ | intestino crasso |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| go away verbo | partire, andarsene |
| stand up verbo | alzarsi in piedi |
| come back verbo | tornare |
| find out verbo | scoprire |
| check out verbo | investigare |
| figure out verbo | scoprire, rendersi conto |
| sit down verbo | sedersi, accomodarsi |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso | I've just been having · you've been experiencing · it's just been getting |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | it's been · i've felt · have you fainted |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | someone who has · weeks which is · ago which was |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | was given · being done |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 52 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, you've, I'm. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: sixth /sɪksθ/, breathe /bɹiːð/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, severity /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: bleed /ˈbliːd/, stab /stæb/, vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, assessment /əˈsɛsmənt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: stab /stæb/, abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, scan /skæn/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come bleed, pregnancy, stab.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.