シャドーイング練習: The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything | WWII With Tom Hanks - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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In late 1937, the Japanese escalate their military campaign in China.
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They already occupy Manchuria.
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After three months of fighting,
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they take Shanghai and move to the ancient Chinese capital and move to the ancient Chinese capital of Nanking.
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The Japanese brutality that follows will shock the world.
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They enter the city, and instead of just occupying it, they let the Japanese troops off the leash.
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They raped, they pillaged, they burned, they steal.
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The Japanese commanders ordered their soldiers not to take any prisoners, which meant executions.
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The Japanese invasion does identify the Japanese as an aggressive power in the Pacific, that they are brutal in the way that they've treated the population.
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And this starts to change people's perceptions with regards to the Japanese.
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To counter continued Japanese aggression in China, Roosevelt orders the U.S fleet to move from San Diego to Pearl Harbor,
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a naval base on Hawaii, 2,000 miles closer to the Japanese mainland.
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This is a land that is an extension of the United States is the United States.
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Roosevelt is sending a clear signal he hopes will deter Japan.
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The Pacific is America's sphere of influence.
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He wants the fleet to be positioned far enough forward that the Japanese will take it seriously,
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but at the same time not to be overtly provocative by moving it to a place like the Philippines or maybe Singapore.
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Pearl Harbor is now the front line of American naval power in the Pacific.
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The Pearl Harbor Naval Base is perfect
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because it's got a narrow channel into a wide harbor with an island right in the middle.
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So it looks like a fortress.
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In the summer of 1941, The United States takes its strongest stand yet against Japan's territorial ambitions.
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The United States has been concerned about Japanese expansion and aggression in Asia for some time.
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Roosevelt has stopped short of a military response, but there's been a series of embargoes.
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Embargo on weapons, an embargo on scrap iron.
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Japan is almost entirely dependent on oil imported from the U.S.
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So FDR imposes an embargo on the Japanese.
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In the summer of 1941, America essentially turns off the tap.
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The embargo becomes a disaster for the Japanese economy and military.
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By installing an oil embargo, we have basically said, we are going to control your future.
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Although meant to deter Japan,
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FDR's order to move the Pacific fleet base from California to Pearl Harbor means it's now within striking distance.
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Roosevelt doesn't really understand that by moving the fleet this far forward, it now becomes a potential target for the Japanese because the Americans in general don't understand
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the sophistication and level of capability that the Japanese now have.
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December 7th, 1941.
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183 Japanese planes descend on Pearl Harbor in the first wave of the attack.
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Their target, the airfields.
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The result is going to be this concentrated bombing attack to
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try to put as many American planes out of business at the outset of the attack.
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At 7.55 AM, the first bombs hit.
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When you hear the airplanes overhead, you're like, oh, boy, they sure are doing training early today.
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And then when all of a sudden things start to explode, you're like, oh, man, somebody's really gonna get in trouble, because this training event's way out of hand.
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Another formation of Japanese aircraft dive on the ships anchored along Battleship Row.
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Torpedo planes at low level and overhead bombers.
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It's not until ships actually start exploding, bullets start ripping through the decks that they realize, oh my god, this is really real.
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The Oklahoma and the West Virginia are very heavily hit.
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Oklahoma ends up capsizing, trapping hundreds of men in this overturned ship.
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After two waves of attack, The Japanese withdraw.
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188 U.S aircraft are destroyed.
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1,178 servicemen and civilians are wounded.
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2,403 are dead.
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The America that wakes up on December 8, 1941, is a different country.
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The country's being tested.
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Are we up to this?
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Can we meet this challenge?
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We are being put in the balance, and would we be found wanting or not?
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At 12.30 p.m., Congress assembles.
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Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.
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A state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.
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Look very carefully at what Franklin Roosevelt said on the 8th of December.
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We are declaring war against the Empire of Japan.
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He does not mention Germany.
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The 8th goes by, the 9th goes by, the 10th goes by.
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And not until the 11th, when Hitler decides to declare war on the United States,
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did the United States then in turn declare war on Germany.
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America now faces a global war on two fronts.
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We were dragged into this.
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Let's be very clear.
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The United States of America did not wake up in the middle of the 20th century
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and decided it was going to defeat tyranny.
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Tyranny had to force us into a struggle that we now recognize to be the great existential struggle, arguably of the last millennium.
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But it was not a quick or easy date with destiny.
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We are now in this war.
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We're all in it, all the way.
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Every single man, woman, and child is a partner in the most tremendous undertaking of our American history.
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It will not only be a long war, it will be a hard war.
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We are going to win the war, And we are going to win the peace that follows.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Japanese, harbor, embargo, Roosevelt, Pearl。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が77文、単語が905語あります。 音声の長さは9:35です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約94語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| embargo 名詞 | /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/ | 出港停止 |
| harbor 名詞 | /ˈhɑːbə/ | 港, ハーバー |
| declare 動詞 | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | 宣言する |
| deter 動詞 | /dɪˈtɝ/ | 防ぐ, 阻む |
| tyranny 名詞 | /ˈtɪəɹəni/ | 暴戻, 圧政 |
| explode 動詞 | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | 爆発する |
| aggression 名詞 | /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ | 侵略 |
| overhead 名詞 | /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ | オーバーヘッド, 間接費 |
| occupy 動詞 | /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ | 占める |
| airfield 名詞 | 飛行場 | |
| capsize 動詞 | /ˈkæpsaɪz/ | 転覆する, 覆る |
| escalate 動詞 | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | エスカレートする |
| existential 形容詞 | /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/ | 実存的な |
| infamy 名詞 | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | 汚名, 不名誉 |
| pillage 名詞 | /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 略奪品 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| turn off 動詞 | 消す, 切る |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Are we up to this?
- Can we meet this challenge?
- We're all in it, all the way.
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be positioned · has been concerned · are destroyed |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | they've treated · has been concerned · has stopped |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, doesn't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, arguably /ˈɑɹɡjuəbli/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/, airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, brutal /ˈbɹuːtəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/, overturn /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɜː(ɹ)n/, provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/, dive /daɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: infamy /ˈɪnfəmi/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, fortress /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/, sphere /sfɪɚ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。embargo, harbor, declareなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。