Shadowing Practice: The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything | WWII With Tom Hanks - Learn English Speaking with Video
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In late 1937, the Japanese escalate their military campaign in China.
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They already occupy Manchuria.
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After three months of fighting,
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they take Shanghai and move to the ancient Chinese capital and move to the ancient Chinese capital of Nanking.
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The Japanese brutality that follows will shock the world.
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They enter the city, and instead of just occupying it, they let the Japanese troops off the leash.
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They raped, they pillaged, they burned, they steal.
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The Japanese commanders ordered their soldiers not to take any prisoners, which meant executions.
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The Japanese invasion does identify the Japanese as an aggressive power in the Pacific, that they are brutal in the way that they've treated the population.
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And this starts to change people's perceptions with regards to the Japanese.
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To counter continued Japanese aggression in China, Roosevelt orders the U.S fleet to move from San Diego to Pearl Harbor,
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a naval base on Hawaii, 2,000 miles closer to the Japanese mainland.
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This is a land that is an extension of the United States is the United States.
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Roosevelt is sending a clear signal he hopes will deter Japan.
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The Pacific is America's sphere of influence.
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He wants the fleet to be positioned far enough forward that the Japanese will take it seriously,
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but at the same time not to be overtly provocative by moving it to a place like the Philippines or maybe Singapore.
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Pearl Harbor is now the front line of American naval power in the Pacific.
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The Pearl Harbor Naval Base is perfect
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because it's got a narrow channel into a wide harbor with an island right in the middle.
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So it looks like a fortress.
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In the summer of 1941, The United States takes its strongest stand yet against Japan's territorial ambitions.
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The United States has been concerned about Japanese expansion and aggression in Asia for some time.
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Roosevelt has stopped short of a military response, but there's been a series of embargoes.
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Embargo on weapons, an embargo on scrap iron.
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Japan is almost entirely dependent on oil imported from the U.S.
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So FDR imposes an embargo on the Japanese.
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In the summer of 1941, America essentially turns off the tap.
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The embargo becomes a disaster for the Japanese economy and military.
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By installing an oil embargo, we have basically said, we are going to control your future.
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Although meant to deter Japan,
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FDR's order to move the Pacific fleet base from California to Pearl Harbor means it's now within striking distance.
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Roosevelt doesn't really understand that by moving the fleet this far forward, it now becomes a potential target for the Japanese because the Americans in general don't understand
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the sophistication and level of capability that the Japanese now have.
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December 7th, 1941.
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183 Japanese planes descend on Pearl Harbor in the first wave of the attack.
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Their target, the airfields.
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The result is going to be this concentrated bombing attack to
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try to put as many American planes out of business at the outset of the attack.
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At 7.55 AM, the first bombs hit.
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When you hear the airplanes overhead, you're like, oh, boy, they sure are doing training early today.
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And then when all of a sudden things start to explode, you're like, oh, man, somebody's really gonna get in trouble, because this training event's way out of hand.
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Another formation of Japanese aircraft dive on the ships anchored along Battleship Row.
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Torpedo planes at low level and overhead bombers.
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It's not until ships actually start exploding, bullets start ripping through the decks that they realize, oh my god, this is really real.
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The Oklahoma and the West Virginia are very heavily hit.
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Oklahoma ends up capsizing, trapping hundreds of men in this overturned ship.
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After two waves of attack, The Japanese withdraw.
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188 U.S aircraft are destroyed.
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1,178 servicemen and civilians are wounded.
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2,403 are dead.
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The America that wakes up on December 8, 1941, is a different country.
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The country's being tested.
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Are we up to this?
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Can we meet this challenge?
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We are being put in the balance, and would we be found wanting or not?
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At 12.30 p.m., Congress assembles.
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Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.
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A state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.
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Look very carefully at what Franklin Roosevelt said on the 8th of December.
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We are declaring war against the Empire of Japan.
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He does not mention Germany.
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The 8th goes by, the 9th goes by, the 10th goes by.
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And not until the 11th, when Hitler decides to declare war on the United States,
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did the United States then in turn declare war on Germany.
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America now faces a global war on two fronts.
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We were dragged into this.
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Let's be very clear.
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The United States of America did not wake up in the middle of the 20th century
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and decided it was going to defeat tyranny.
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Tyranny had to force us into a struggle that we now recognize to be the great existential struggle, arguably of the last millennium.
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But it was not a quick or easy date with destiny.
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We are now in this war.
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We're all in it, all the way.
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Every single man, woman, and child is a partner in the most tremendous undertaking of our American history.
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It will not only be a long war, it will be a hard war.
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We are going to win the war, And we are going to win the peace that follows.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Japanese, harbor, embargo, Roosevelt, Pearl. Deze video bevat 77 zinnen en 905 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 9:35. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 94 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 80% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| harbor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɑːbə/ | rede, ree |
| declare werkwoord | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | verklaren |
| deter werkwoord | /dɪˈtɝ/ | verhinderen |
| tyranny zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɪəɹəni/ | tyrannie |
| explode werkwoord | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | exploderen, ontploffen |
| aggression zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ | agressie |
| airfield zelfstandig naamwoord | vliegveld | |
| capsize werkwoord | /ˈkæpsaɪz/ | kapseizen |
| escalate werkwoord | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | escaleren |
| existential bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/ | existentieel |
| infamy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | schande |
| overtly bijwoord | openlijk, onverholen | |
| overturn werkwoord | /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɜː(ɹ)n/ | kapseizen, omslaan |
| pillage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | oorlogsbuiit |
| provocative bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/ | provocatief |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| end up werkwoord | belanden, terechtkomen |
| turn off werkwoord | uitzetten, uitschakelen |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- Are we up to this?
- Can we meet this challenge?
- We're all in it, all the way.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | be positioned · are destroyed · are wounded |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | they've treated · has been · has stopped |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, doesn't, don't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/, capsize /ˈkæpsaɪz/, pillage /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/, provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: capsize /ˈkæpsaɪz/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, scrap /ˈskɹæp/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, anchor /ˈæŋ.kəː/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: embargo /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/, aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/, arguably /ˈɑɹɡjuəbli/, regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als harbor, declare, deter.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.