Pratique du Shadowing: The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything | WWII With Tom Hanks - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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In late 1937, the Japanese escalate their military campaign in China.
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They already occupy Manchuria.
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After three months of fighting,
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they take Shanghai and move to the ancient Chinese capital and move to the ancient Chinese capital of Nanking.
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The Japanese brutality that follows will shock the world.
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They enter the city, and instead of just occupying it, they let the Japanese troops off the leash.
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They raped, they pillaged, they burned, they steal.
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The Japanese commanders ordered their soldiers not to take any prisoners, which meant executions.
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The Japanese invasion does identify the Japanese as an aggressive power in the Pacific, that they are brutal in the way that they've treated the population.
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And this starts to change people's perceptions with regards to the Japanese.
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To counter continued Japanese aggression in China, Roosevelt orders the U.S fleet to move from San Diego to Pearl Harbor,
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a naval base on Hawaii, 2,000 miles closer to the Japanese mainland.
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This is a land that is an extension of the United States is the United States.
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Roosevelt is sending a clear signal he hopes will deter Japan.
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The Pacific is America's sphere of influence.
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He wants the fleet to be positioned far enough forward that the Japanese will take it seriously,
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but at the same time not to be overtly provocative by moving it to a place like the Philippines or maybe Singapore.
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Pearl Harbor is now the front line of American naval power in the Pacific.
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The Pearl Harbor Naval Base is perfect
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because it's got a narrow channel into a wide harbor with an island right in the middle.
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So it looks like a fortress.
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In the summer of 1941, The United States takes its strongest stand yet against Japan's territorial ambitions.
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The United States has been concerned about Japanese expansion and aggression in Asia for some time.
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Roosevelt has stopped short of a military response, but there's been a series of embargoes.
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Embargo on weapons, an embargo on scrap iron.
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Japan is almost entirely dependent on oil imported from the U.S.
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So FDR imposes an embargo on the Japanese.
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In the summer of 1941, America essentially turns off the tap.
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The embargo becomes a disaster for the Japanese economy and military.
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By installing an oil embargo, we have basically said, we are going to control your future.
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Although meant to deter Japan,
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FDR's order to move the Pacific fleet base from California to Pearl Harbor means it's now within striking distance.
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Roosevelt doesn't really understand that by moving the fleet this far forward, it now becomes a potential target for the Japanese because the Americans in general don't understand
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the sophistication and level of capability that the Japanese now have.
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December 7th, 1941.
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183 Japanese planes descend on Pearl Harbor in the first wave of the attack.
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Their target, the airfields.
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The result is going to be this concentrated bombing attack to
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try to put as many American planes out of business at the outset of the attack.
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At 7.55 AM, the first bombs hit.
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When you hear the airplanes overhead, you're like, oh, boy, they sure are doing training early today.
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And then when all of a sudden things start to explode, you're like, oh, man, somebody's really gonna get in trouble, because this training event's way out of hand.
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Another formation of Japanese aircraft dive on the ships anchored along Battleship Row.
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Torpedo planes at low level and overhead bombers.
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It's not until ships actually start exploding, bullets start ripping through the decks that they realize, oh my god, this is really real.
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The Oklahoma and the West Virginia are very heavily hit.
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Oklahoma ends up capsizing, trapping hundreds of men in this overturned ship.
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After two waves of attack, The Japanese withdraw.
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188 U.S aircraft are destroyed.
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1,178 servicemen and civilians are wounded.
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2,403 are dead.
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The America that wakes up on December 8, 1941, is a different country.
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The country's being tested.
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Are we up to this?
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Can we meet this challenge?
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We are being put in the balance, and would we be found wanting or not?
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At 12.30 p.m., Congress assembles.
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Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.
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A state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.
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Look very carefully at what Franklin Roosevelt said on the 8th of December.
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We are declaring war against the Empire of Japan.
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He does not mention Germany.
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The 8th goes by, the 9th goes by, the 10th goes by.
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And not until the 11th, when Hitler decides to declare war on the United States,
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did the United States then in turn declare war on Germany.
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America now faces a global war on two fronts.
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We were dragged into this.
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Let's be very clear.
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The United States of America did not wake up in the middle of the 20th century
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and decided it was going to defeat tyranny.
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Tyranny had to force us into a struggle that we now recognize to be the great existential struggle, arguably of the last millennium.
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But it was not a quick or easy date with destiny.
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We are now in this war.
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We're all in it, all the way.
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Every single man, woman, and child is a partner in the most tremendous undertaking of our American history.
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It will not only be a long war, it will be a hard war.
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We are going to win the war, And we are going to win the peace that follows.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Japanese, harbor, embargo, Roosevelt, Pearl. Cette vidéo contient 77 phrases et 905 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:35. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 94 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| embargo nom | /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/ | embargo |
| harbor nom | /ˈhɑːbə/ | havre, rade |
| declare verbe | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | déclarer |
| deter verbe | /dɪˈtɝ/ | empêcher |
| tyranny nom | /ˈtɪəɹəni/ | tyrannie |
| explode verbe | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | détoner, exploser |
| aggression nom | /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ | agression |
| overhead nom | /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ | frais généraux |
| occupy verbe | /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ | occuper |
| airfield nom | aérodrome | |
| capsize verbe | /ˈkæpsaɪz/ | chavirer |
| escalate verbe | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | intensifier |
| existential adjectif | /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/ | existentiel |
| infamy nom | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | infamie |
| outset nom | /ˈaʊtsɛt/ | début |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
| turn off verbe | éteindre |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Are we up to this?
- Can we meet this challenge?
- We're all in it, all the way.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be positioned · are destroyed · are wounded |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | they've treated · has been · has stopped |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 7 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, doesn't, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: harbor /ˈhɑːbə/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: embargo /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/, tyranny /ˈtɪəɹəni/, aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/, overturn /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɜː(ɹ)n/, provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme embargo, harbor, declare.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.