Pratica di Shadowing: The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything | WWII With Tom Hanks - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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In late 1937, the Japanese escalate their military campaign in China.
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They already occupy Manchuria.
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After three months of fighting,
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they take Shanghai and move to the ancient Chinese capital and move to the ancient Chinese capital of Nanking.
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The Japanese brutality that follows will shock the world.
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They enter the city, and instead of just occupying it, they let the Japanese troops off the leash.
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They raped, they pillaged, they burned, they steal.
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The Japanese commanders ordered their soldiers not to take any prisoners, which meant executions.
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The Japanese invasion does identify the Japanese as an aggressive power in the Pacific, that they are brutal in the way that they've treated the population.
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And this starts to change people's perceptions with regards to the Japanese.
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To counter continued Japanese aggression in China, Roosevelt orders the U.S fleet to move from San Diego to Pearl Harbor,
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a naval base on Hawaii, 2,000 miles closer to the Japanese mainland.
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This is a land that is an extension of the United States is the United States.
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Roosevelt is sending a clear signal he hopes will deter Japan.
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The Pacific is America's sphere of influence.
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He wants the fleet to be positioned far enough forward that the Japanese will take it seriously,
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but at the same time not to be overtly provocative by moving it to a place like the Philippines or maybe Singapore.
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Pearl Harbor is now the front line of American naval power in the Pacific.
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The Pearl Harbor Naval Base is perfect
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because it's got a narrow channel into a wide harbor with an island right in the middle.
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So it looks like a fortress.
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In the summer of 1941, The United States takes its strongest stand yet against Japan's territorial ambitions.
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The United States has been concerned about Japanese expansion and aggression in Asia for some time.
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Roosevelt has stopped short of a military response, but there's been a series of embargoes.
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Embargo on weapons, an embargo on scrap iron.
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Japan is almost entirely dependent on oil imported from the U.S.
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So FDR imposes an embargo on the Japanese.
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In the summer of 1941, America essentially turns off the tap.
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The embargo becomes a disaster for the Japanese economy and military.
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By installing an oil embargo, we have basically said, we are going to control your future.
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Although meant to deter Japan,
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FDR's order to move the Pacific fleet base from California to Pearl Harbor means it's now within striking distance.
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Roosevelt doesn't really understand that by moving the fleet this far forward, it now becomes a potential target for the Japanese because the Americans in general don't understand
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the sophistication and level of capability that the Japanese now have.
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December 7th, 1941.
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183 Japanese planes descend on Pearl Harbor in the first wave of the attack.
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Their target, the airfields.
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The result is going to be this concentrated bombing attack to
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try to put as many American planes out of business at the outset of the attack.
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At 7.55 AM, the first bombs hit.
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When you hear the airplanes overhead, you're like, oh, boy, they sure are doing training early today.
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And then when all of a sudden things start to explode, you're like, oh, man, somebody's really gonna get in trouble, because this training event's way out of hand.
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Another formation of Japanese aircraft dive on the ships anchored along Battleship Row.
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Torpedo planes at low level and overhead bombers.
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It's not until ships actually start exploding, bullets start ripping through the decks that they realize, oh my god, this is really real.
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The Oklahoma and the West Virginia are very heavily hit.
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Oklahoma ends up capsizing, trapping hundreds of men in this overturned ship.
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After two waves of attack, The Japanese withdraw.
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188 U.S aircraft are destroyed.
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1,178 servicemen and civilians are wounded.
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2,403 are dead.
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The America that wakes up on December 8, 1941, is a different country.
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The country's being tested.
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Are we up to this?
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Can we meet this challenge?
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We are being put in the balance, and would we be found wanting or not?
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At 12.30 p.m., Congress assembles.
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Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.
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A state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.
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Look very carefully at what Franklin Roosevelt said on the 8th of December.
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We are declaring war against the Empire of Japan.
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He does not mention Germany.
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The 8th goes by, the 9th goes by, the 10th goes by.
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And not until the 11th, when Hitler decides to declare war on the United States,
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did the United States then in turn declare war on Germany.
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America now faces a global war on two fronts.
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We were dragged into this.
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Let's be very clear.
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The United States of America did not wake up in the middle of the 20th century
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and decided it was going to defeat tyranny.
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Tyranny had to force us into a struggle that we now recognize to be the great existential struggle, arguably of the last millennium.
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But it was not a quick or easy date with destiny.
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We are now in this war.
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We're all in it, all the way.
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Every single man, woman, and child is a partner in the most tremendous undertaking of our American history.
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It will not only be a long war, it will be a hard war.
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We are going to win the war, And we are going to win the peace that follows.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “The Attack on Pearl Harbor Changed Everything”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: Japanese, harbor, embargo, Roosevelt, Pearl. Questo video contiene 77 frasi e 905 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 9:35. Chi parla lo fa lentamente, circa 94 parole al minuto, quindi c’è tempo per imitare ogni suono. Solo il 80% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| embargo sostantivo | /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/ | embargo |
| harbor sostantivo | /ˈhɑːbə/ | porto |
| declare verbo | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | dichiarare |
| deter verbo | /dɪˈtɝ/ | prevenire |
| tyranny sostantivo | /ˈtɪəɹəni/ | tirannide |
| explode verbo | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | esplodere |
| aggression sostantivo | /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ | aggressione |
| overhead sostantivo | /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ | costi di gestione |
| occupy verbo | /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ | occupare |
| airfield sostantivo | aerodromo | |
| capsize verbo | /ˈkæpsaɪz/ | capovolgersi, ribaltarsi |
| existential aggettivo | /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/ | esistenziale |
| infamy sostantivo | /ˈɪnfəmi/ | infamia |
| outset sostantivo | /ˈaʊtsɛt/ | inizio, principio |
| overturn verbo | /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɜː(ɹ)n/ | ribaltare, capovolgere |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire |
| turn off verbo | spegnere |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- Are we up to this?
- Can we meet this challenge?
- We're all in it, all the way.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | be positioned · has been concerned · are destroyed |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | they've treated · has been concerned · has stopped |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 7 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, doesn't, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: provocative /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: harbor /ˈhɑːbə/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/, capsize /ˈkæpsaɪz/, escalate /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/, outset /ˈaʊtsɛt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: capsize /ˈkæpsaɪz/, brutality /ˌbɹuːˈtælɪti/, scrap /ˈskɹæp/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, anchor /ˈæŋ.kəː/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come embargo, harbor, declare.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.