シャドーイング練習: The Underground House | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture about an experimental design for a house.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Good morning.
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In the last few lectures, I've been talking about the history of domestic building construction.
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But today, I want to begin looking at some contemporary experimental designs for housing.
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So, I'm going to start with a house which is constructed more or less under the ground.
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And one of the interesting things about this project is that the owners, both professionals but not architects, wanted to be closely involved,
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so they decided to manage the project themselves.
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Their chief aim was to create somewhere that was as environmentally friendly as possible.
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But at the same time, they wanted to live somewhere peaceful.
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They'd both grown up in a rural area and disliked urban life.
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So the first thing they did was to look for a site, and they found a disused stone quarry in a beautiful area.
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The price was relatively low, and they liked the idea of recycling the land, as it were.
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As it was, the quarry was an ugly blot on the landscape, and it wasn't productive any longer either.
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They consulted various architects and looked at a number of designs before finally deciding on one.
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As I've said, it was a design for a sort of underground house,
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and it was built into the earth itself, with two stories.
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The north, east, and west sides were set in the earth,
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and only the sloping south-facing side was exposed to the light.
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That was made of a double layer of very strong glass.
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There were also photovoltaic tiles fixed to the top and bottom of this sloping wall.
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These are tiles that are designed to store energy from the sun,
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and the walls had a layer of foam around them too to increase the insulation.
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Now, what is of interest to us about this project is the features which make the building energy efficient.
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Sunlight floods in through the glass wall, and to maximize it, there are lots of mirrors and windows inside the house.
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That helps to spread the light around.
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So that's the first thing.
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Light is utilized as fully as possible.
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In addition, the special tiles on the outside convert energy from the sun and generate some of the house's electricity.
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In fact, and it is possible that in future the house may even generate an electricity surplus,
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and that the owners will be able to sell some to the national grid.
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As well as that, wherever possible, recycled materials have been used.
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For example, the floors are made of reclaimed wood,
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and the owners haven't bought a single item of new furniture.
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They just kept what they already had.
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And then there's the system for dealing with the waste produced in the house.
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This is dealt with organically.
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It's purified by being filtered through reed beds, which have been planted for that purpose in the garden.
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So the occupants of the house won't pollute the land or use any damaging chemicals.
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It's true that the actual construction of the house was harmful to the environment,
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mainly because they had to use massive amounts of concrete, one of the biggest sources of carbon dioxide in manufacturing.
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And, as you know, this is very damaging to the environment.
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In total, the house construction has released 70 tons of carbon dioxide into the air.
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Now that's a frightening thought.
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However, once the initial debt has been cleared, and it's been calculated that this will only take 15 years,
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this underground house won't cost anything, environmentally I mean, because unlike ordinary houses,
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it is run in a way that is completely environmentally friendly.
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So, eco-housing like this is likely to become much more...
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That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が53文、単語が658語あります。 音声の長さは6:05です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約108語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| tile 名詞 | /ˈtaɪ.əl/ | タイル, 瓦 |
| layer 名詞 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層, 膜 |
| underground 形容詞 | /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ | 地下 |
| generate 動詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | 生む, 生み出す |
| lecture 名詞 | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | 講義 |
| architect 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ | 建築家 |
| dioxide 名詞 | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | 二酸化物 |
| quarry 名詞 | /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.i/ | 採石場, 石切場 |
| mirror 名詞 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | 鏡, 姿見 |
| carefully 副詞 | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | じっくり, 慎重に |
| concrete 形容詞 | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | 実際の, 具体的 |
| ordinary 形容詞 | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | 通常な, 普通な |
| ugly 形容詞 | /ˈʌɡli/ | 醜い, 見苦しい |
| landscape 名詞 | /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ | 景色, ランドスケープ |
| flood 名詞 | /flʌd/ | 洪水, 大水 |
注意したい発音
話し手はI've, won't, haven'tなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, organically /ɔːˈɡænɪkli/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。tile, layer, undergroundなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is constructed · was built · were set |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've said · have been · haven't bought |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | house which is · beds, which have |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。