シャドーイング練習: This Will Make You Quit Social Media - Andrew Huberman - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Just how triggering are our phones when it comes to dopamine?
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Okay, great question.
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We often hear that, you know, that social media is getting dopamine hit after dopamine hit.
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When we first get on social media for the first time or after a long period of time, the amount of dopamine that's released we think is quite substantial.
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It's novel.
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Remember, dopamine is about novelty, surprise, and the sense that we are on some exciting track.
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That's what dopamine is really about.
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It puts us into states of readiness, anticipation, looking, seeking, et cetera, almost always for things outside the confines of our skin.
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Just to contrast it maybe for a bit more of a future discussion, serotonin does the opposite a lot of serotonin in our brain and body, typically it makes us feel satisfied,
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sated, and more quiescent, comfortable with what we have in our own immediate sphere and within us, right?
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The comfort of a good meal, the food you have, dopamine is about go, go, go.
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If you look at somebody who's high on cocaine or methamphetamine, it's all about pursuit.
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because that's a very dopaminergic drug.
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You look at somebody who's taken a drug, and I'm not suggesting people do this, but it really ramps up serotonin.
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Let's say a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
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Prozac, Zoloft, et cetera.
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The side effects of those drugs, if the dosages are too high, lack of appetite, lack of libido, kind of meh about life, you know, then so they'll adjust the dose down.
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That's because those are serotonergic drugs.
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So in general, when we are in pursuit of things, dopamine is quite high.
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So, Now you have to remind me your question, 'cause I've set up the dopamine serotonin parallel.
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- Cell phones.
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- Ah, cell phones, yes.
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Forgive me.
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So the thing about cell phones is when you first get on there, and you have, let's say, no Wi -Fi on the flight or something, and you land, it can actually be quite stimulating.
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You get a lot of dopamine.
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Oh, there's this.
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Oh, there's that.
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But very quickly, when you're scrolling on social media, you're no longer getting the novelty, but you're continuing to do it, and you almost don't know why you're doing it.
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At that point, it shifts over to something that's a bit more like an obsessive compulsive behavior,
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where we can define an obsessive compulsive behavior where the obsession leads to a compulsion.
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but the acting out of the compulsion merely serves to increase the obsession.
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This is very different than being obsessed with food or obsessed with cleanliness.
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- There's no payoff.
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- Right, exactly.
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There's no anxiety relief by carrying out the compulsion.
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With OCD behaviors, like scrolling social media, the dopamine quickly wanes, and then you find that you're just sort of, and we've all been there,
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you're scrolling, and like, why am I doing this?
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This isn't that interesting.
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That isn't, this isn't that interesting.
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Now, the algorithms for social media are very clever and I don't want to demonize it.
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I, you know, provide a lot of a lot of my life is spent on, you know, on social media now.
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But the algorithms that they've incorporated function on the most powerful way to keep people doing a behavior,
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or an animal for that matter, is intermittent random reward, a random intermittent reward that you don't know when you're going to hit the jackpot.
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So you're scrolling, you're scrolling, and then you see something.
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Typically, it's very high what, you know, in nerd speak, we'd say signal to noise.
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So if you're reading some interesting things, this came out in the news, this came out, and then it's all of a sudden a riot.
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"or a person that is base jumping off a building, "or for people that are scrolling,
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"looking at bodies or something like that, live bodies.
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"Hopefully people aren't looking at dead bodies.
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"But look, if something's very tragic, "then that has this gravitational pull." And then what happens is you start getting
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the system working for that next dopamine hit that you don't know when it's going to come.
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It's just like gambling.
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So I look at social media as initially being very dopaminergic, driving rewards, surprise and excitement,
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but very quickly transitioning to something more like OCD and the kinds of behaviors where it looks,
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if we were to look at ourselves through the lens of an experiment like we would an animal experiment, we think that animal is sick.
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looking, looking, looking, looking, looking, looking, looking, you'd think that's really sad.
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That's us.
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What's happening people?
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If you enjoyed that, then press here for the full unedited episode.
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And don't forget to subscribe.
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Peace.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「This Will Make You Quit Social Media - Andrew Huberman」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：dopamine, scrolling, serotonin, behavior, phones。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が61文、単語が790語あります。 音声の長さは4:20です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約182語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| dopamine 名詞 | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | ドーパミン |
| scroll 名詞 | /skɹoʊl/ | 巻物, スクロール |
| serotonin 名詞 | /ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/ | セロトニン |
| intermittent 形容詞 | /ˌɪntɚˈmɪtn̩t/ | 時々途切れる |
| obsess 動詞 | /əbˈsɛs/ | 取り付く |
| novelty 名詞 | /ˈnɑvəlti/ | 珍しさ, 斬新さ |
| obsession 名詞 | /əbˈsɛʃən/ | 妄想 |
| algorithm 名詞 | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | アルゴリズム, 演算手順 |
| cleanliness 名詞 | /ˈklɛn.li.nᵻs/ | 清潔 |
| confine 動詞 | /ˈkɑnfaɪn/ | 限る |
| demonize 動詞 | /ˈdiːmənaɪz/ | 悪魔化 |
| excite 動詞 | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | 興奮させる |
| inhibitor 名詞 | /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɚ/ | 阻害剤 |
| libido 名詞 | /lɪˈbiː.dəʊ/ | 性衝動 |
| methamphetamine 名詞 | /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmiːn/ | メタンフェタミン, ヒロポン |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| carry out 動詞 | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | 行う, 実行する |
| come out 動詞 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 出る |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've set · they've incorporated |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | being obsessed · is spent |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, don't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を26回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, methamphetamine /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmiːn/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: serotonin /ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/, dopaminergic /ˌdəʊ.pə.mɪˈnɜː.d͡ʒɪk/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/, inhibitor /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɚ/, methamphetamine /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmiːn/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: scroll /skɹoʊl/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/, obsessive /əbˈsɛs.ɪv/, novelty /ˈnɑvəlti/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: confine /ˈkɑnfaɪn/, methamphetamine /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmiːn/, sphere /sfɪɚ/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。dopamine, scroll, serotoninなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。