レッスン99 · ステージ8: 形容詞・副詞・前置詞
名詞 + 前置詞
中級Noun + preposition
形と使い方
the reason for, a solution to, an increase in — 決まった前置詞と結びつく名詞
1.基本の形
多くの名詞は決まった前置詞をとります：名詞 + 前置詞 + 名詞 / -ing。名詞の後ろの前置詞は、関連する動詞の後ろに来るもの（前置詞がまったくないこともあります）と違うことが多いので、セットで覚えましょう。
What's the reason for the delay?
遅れた理由は何ですか？
Nobody knows the answer to this question.
この質問の答えはだれも知りません。
There has been a big increase in the number of tourists.
観光客の数が大きく増えています。
The storm did serious damage to many houses.
嵐で多くの家が大きな被害を受けました。
2.よく使う名詞 + 前置詞の組み合わせ
| 前置詞 | 名詞 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| for | reason / demand / need / request / recipe / respect for | Do you have a recipe for pho? |
| of | cause / lack / advantage / disadvantage / example / photo of | A lack of sleep makes me tired. |
| in | increase / decrease / rise / fall / drop / change / interest in | There was a sharp drop in traffic. |
| to | answer / solution / key / reaction / invitation / damage / alternative / access to | Practice is the key to success. |
| with | problem / relationship / contact / trouble with | I have a problem with my phone. |
| on | effect / impact / influence / tax / advice on | Coffee has a strong effect on my sleep. |
| between | difference / relationship / connection between | What's the difference between these two words? |
| towards / to | attitude towards / to | Her attitude towards work has changed. |
There's no need for a taxi. I can walk.
タクシーは必要ありません。歩けますから。
Thanks for the invitation to your wedding!
結婚式にお招きいただきありがとうございます！
Mai has a good relationship with her mother.
マイはお母さんといい関係を築いています。
What's the matter with your leg? Did you fall?
足をどうしたの？転んだの？
3.Increase in か increase of か？Reason か cause か？
変化を表す名詞（increase、rise、fall、drop、decrease）では：
- in + 変化するもの：an increase in prices、a fall in sales。
- of + 変化の大きさ（数）：an increase of 10%、a drop of 5,000 visitors。
- 両方を使うこともできます：a rise of 20% in the price of rice。
There was a 15% increase in rent this year.
今年は家賃が15%上がりました。
Sales grew, with an increase of 10% in March.
売上は伸び、3月には10%増えました。
the cause of = 何かを引き起こしたもの（原因）。the reason for = なぜそうなのかの説明（理由）。
Police are still looking for the cause of the fire.
警察はまだ火事の原因を調べています。
Is there a reason for this rule?
このルールには何か理由があるのですか？
4.動詞と名詞の比較
比べてみましょう。動詞は直接目的語をとることが多いのに対し、関連する名詞には前置詞が必要です。
| 動詞（前置詞なし） | 名詞 + 前置詞 |
|---|---|
| Prices increased. | an increase in prices |
| Please answer the question. | the answer to the question |
| We need more teachers. | a need for more teachers |
| They discussed the plan. | a discussion about the plan |
| The storm damaged the roof. | damage to the roof |
| Does coffee affect your sleep? | the effect of coffee on your sleep |
| Many people demand change. | a demand for change |
どんな名詞の後ろにも of や about を使いたくなりますが、実際は reason for、answer to、demand for です。of を使うのは cause of だけです。また、affect は動詞、effect は名詞（effect on）であることにも注意しましょう。
5.よくある間違い
Can you tell me the reason of your decision?Can you tell me the reason for your decision?
reason for。
The sun can do serious damage for your skin.The sun can do serious damage to your skin.
damage to。
I have a problem about my phone.I have a problem with my phone.
何かがうまく動かない：problem with。
There is a big demand of English teachers here.There is a big demand for English teachers here.
demand for。
What's the answer of question 5?What's the answer to question 5?
answer to。
There has been an increase of the number of tourists.There has been an increase in the number of tourists.
of は量に使います。変化するものには in を使います。
例文
- What's the reason for the delay?
- Nobody knows the answer to this question.
- Is there a big difference between the two schools?
- Thanks for the invitation to your wedding!
