Lección 99 · Etapa 8: Adjetivos, adverbios y preposiciones
Sustantivo + preposición
IntermedioNoun + preposition
Forma y uso
the reason for, a solution to, an increase in — sustantivos con una preposición fija
1.La estructura
Muchos sustantivos llevan una preposición fija: sustantivo + preposición + sustantivo / -ing. La preposición después de un sustantivo suele ser distinta de la que va con el verbo relacionado (que a veces no lleva ninguna), así que apréndete el bloque entero.
What's the reason for the delay?
¿Cuál es el motivo del retraso?
Nobody knows the answer to this question.
Nadie sabe la respuesta a esta pregunta.
There has been a big increase in the number of tourists.
Ha habido un gran aumento en el número de turistas.
The storm did serious damage to many houses.
La tormenta causó graves daños a muchas casas.
2.Sustantivo + preposición frecuentes
| Preposición | Sustantivos | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| for | reason / demand / need / request / recipe / respect for | Do you have a recipe for pho? |
| of | cause / lack / advantage / disadvantage / example / photo of | A lack of sleep makes me tired. |
| in | increase / decrease / rise / fall / drop / change / interest in | There was a sharp drop in traffic. |
| to | answer / solution / key / reaction / invitation / damage / alternative / access to | Practice is the key to success. |
| with | problem / relationship / contact / trouble with | I have a problem with my phone. |
| on | effect / impact / influence / tax / advice on | Coffee has a strong effect on my sleep. |
| between | difference / relationship / connection between | What's the difference between these two words? |
| towards / to | attitude towards / to | Her attitude towards work has changed. |
There's no need for a taxi. I can walk.
No hace falta un taxi. Puedo ir caminando.
Thanks for the invitation to your wedding!
¡Gracias por la invitación a tu boda!
Mai has a good relationship with her mother.
Mai tiene una buena relación con su madre.
What's the matter with your leg? Did you fall?
¿Qué te pasa en la pierna? ¿Te caíste?
3.¿Increase in o increase of? ¿Reason o cause?
Con sustantivos de cambio (increase, rise, fall, drop, decrease):
- in + lo que cambia: an increase in prices, a fall in sales.
- of + el tamaño del cambio (una cifra): an increase of 10%, a drop of 5,000 visitors.
- Puedes usar las dos: a rise of 20% in the price of rice.
There was a 15% increase in rent this year.
Este año el alquiler subió un 15 %.
Sales grew, with an increase of 10% in March.
Las ventas crecieron, con un aumento del 10 % en marzo.
the cause of = lo que hizo que algo pasara; the reason for = la explicación de por qué.
Police are still looking for the cause of the fire.
La policía todavía busca la causa del incendio.
Is there a reason for this rule?
¿Hay algún motivo para esta regla?
4.Verbo frente a sustantivo
Compara: el verbo a menudo lleva su objeto directamente, mientras que el sustantivo relacionado necesita una preposición.
| Verbo (sin preposición) | Sustantivo + preposición |
|---|---|
| Prices increased. | an increase in prices |
| Please answer the question. | the answer to the question |
| We need more teachers. | a need for more teachers |
| They discussed the plan. | a discussion about the plan |
| The storm damaged the roof. | damage to the roof |
| Does coffee affect your sleep? | the effect of coffee on your sleep |
| Many people demand change. | a demand for change |
Es tentador usar of o about después de cualquier sustantivo, sobre todo porque en español decimos “de” (“la razón de”, “la demanda de”). En realidad: reason for, answer to, demand for; solo cause of lleva of. Fíjate también en que affect es el verbo y effect el sustantivo (effect on).
5.Errores comunes
Can you tell me the reason of your decision?Can you tell me the reason for your decision?
reason for.
The sun can do serious damage for your skin.The sun can do serious damage to your skin.
damage to.
I have a problem about my phone.I have a problem with my phone.
Algo no funciona: problem with.
There is a big demand of English teachers here.There is a big demand for English teachers here.
demand for.
What's the answer of question 5?What's the answer to question 5?
answer to.
There has been an increase of the number of tourists.There has been an increase in the number of tourists.
of es para la cantidad; lo que cambia lleva in.
Ejemplos
- What's the reason for the delay?
- Nobody knows the answer to this question.
- Is there a big difference between the two schools?
- Thanks for the invitation to your wedding!
