الدرس 99 · المرحلة 8: الصفات والظروف وحروف الجر
اسم + حرف جر
متوسطNoun + preposition
الصيغة والاستخدام
the reason for, a solution to, an increase in — أسماء بحرف جر ثابت
1.التركيب
كثير من الأسماء تأخذ حرف جر ثابتًا: اسم + حرف جر + اسم / -ing. وحرف الجر بعد الاسم يكون غالبًا مختلفًا عمّا يأتي بعد الفعل المرتبط به (الذي قد لا يأخذ حرف جر أصلًا)، فتعلّم العبارة كاملة.
What's the reason for the delay?
ما سبب التأخير؟
Nobody knows the answer to this question.
لا أحد يعرف إجابة هذا السؤال.
There has been a big increase in the number of tourists.
حدثت زيادة كبيرة في عدد السياح.
The storm did serious damage to many houses.
ألحقت العاصفة أضرارًا جسيمة بكثير من البيوت.
2.أزواج شائعة من اسم + حرف جر
| حرف الجر | الأسماء | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| for | reason / demand / need / request / recipe / respect for | Do you have a recipe for pho? |
| of | cause / lack / advantage / disadvantage / example / photo of | A lack of sleep makes me tired. |
| in | increase / decrease / rise / fall / drop / change / interest in | There was a sharp drop in traffic. |
| to | answer / solution / key / reaction / invitation / damage / alternative / access to | Practice is the key to success. |
| with | problem / relationship / contact / trouble with | I have a problem with my phone. |
| on | effect / impact / influence / tax / advice on | Coffee has a strong effect on my sleep. |
| between | difference / relationship / connection between | What's the difference between these two words? |
| towards / to | attitude towards / to | Her attitude towards work has changed. |
There's no need for a taxi. I can walk.
لا حاجة إلى تاكسي. أستطيع المشي.
Thanks for the invitation to your wedding!
شكرًا على دعوتك إلى حفل زفافك!
Mai has a good relationship with her mother.
تربط ماي علاقة جيدة بأمها.
What's the matter with your leg? Did you fall?
ما بها ساقك؟ هل وقعت؟
3.Increase in أم increase of؟ Reason أم cause؟
مع أسماء التغيّر (increase, rise, fall, drop, decrease):
- in + الشيء الذي يتغير: an increase in prices، a fall in sales.
- of + مقدار التغيّر (عدد): an increase of 10%، a drop of 5,000 visitors.
- يمكنك استخدام الاثنين معًا: a rise of 20% in the price of rice.
There was a 15% increase in rent this year.
ارتفع الإيجار هذا العام بنسبة 15%.
Sales grew, with an increase of 10% in March.
نمت المبيعات، بزيادة قدرها 10% في مارس.
the cause of = ما أدّى إلى حدوث شيء؛ the reason for = التفسير لماذا حدث.
Police are still looking for the cause of the fire.
ما زالت الشرطة تبحث عن سبب الحريق.
Is there a reason for this rule?
هل هناك سبب لهذه القاعدة؟
4.الفعل مقابل الاسم
قارن: الفعل يأخذ مفعوله غالبًا مباشرةً، بينما الاسم المرتبط به يحتاج إلى حرف جر.
| الفعل (بلا حرف جر) | الاسم + حرف الجر |
|---|---|
| Prices increased. | an increase in prices |
| Please answer the question. | the answer to the question |
| We need more teachers. | a need for more teachers |
| They discussed the plan. | a discussion about the plan |
| The storm damaged the roof. | damage to the roof |
| Does coffee affect your sleep? | the effect of coffee on your sleep |
| Many people demand change. | a demand for change |
من المغري استخدام of أو about بعد كل اسم. لكن في الواقع: reason for، answer to، demand for — و cause of وحدها تأخذ of. ولاحظ أيضًا أن affect فعل و effect اسم (effect on).
5.أخطاء شائعة
Can you tell me the reason of your decision?Can you tell me the reason for your decision?
reason for.
The sun can do serious damage for your skin.The sun can do serious damage to your skin.
damage to.
I have a problem about my phone.I have a problem with my phone.
شيء لا يعمل جيدًا: problem with.
There is a big demand of English teachers here.There is a big demand for English teachers here.
demand for.
What's the answer of question 5?What's the answer to question 5?
answer to.
There has been an increase of the number of tourists.There has been an increase in the number of tourists.
of للمقدار؛ أما الشيء الذي يتغير فيأخذ in.
أمثلة
- What's the reason for the delay?
- Nobody knows the answer to this question.
- Is there a big difference between the two schools?
- Thanks for the invitation to your wedding!
