레슨 35 · 3단계: 계획·요청·비교
불필요: don't have to / needn't
중급No obligation: don't have to / needn't
형태와 쓰임
don't have to / don't need to / needn't + 동사 — 할 필요가 없는 일
1.형태
무언가가 필요 없다(해도 되지만 할 필요는 없다)고 말할 때는 don't have to, don't need to, needn't + 동사원형을 씁니다.
| 형태 | 예문 | 참고 |
|---|---|---|
| don't / doesn't have to | You don't have to pay. · Thu doesn't have to work on Sundays. | 가장 흔함; 어떤 상황에서도 쓸 수 있음 |
| don't / doesn't need to | We don't need to hurry. | don't have to와 같은 뜻; to를 빼지 말 것 |
| needn't | You needn't wait for me. | to도 -s도 없음; 약간 격식 있는 표현, 주로 영국식 |
| didn't have to / didn't need to | We didn't have to queue. | 과거 |
| won't have to / won't need to | We won't have to take the ferry any more. | 미래 |
needn't는 조동사처럼 움직입니다(-s도 to도 없음): He needn't come. 일반동사 need는 to와 do를 씁니다: He doesn't need to come. 둘을 섞지 마세요(needn't to, doesn't need come은 틀림).
2.언제 쓰나요
1. 선택 사항일 때 — 원하면 해도 됨
You don't have to come with me. I can go alone.
나랑 같이 안 가도 돼. 혼자 갈 수 있어.
It's Sunday tomorrow, so I don't have to get up early.
내일은 일요일이라 일찍 안 일어나도 돼.
2. 상황 덕분에 무언가를 하지 않아도 될 때
Thu doesn't have to pay rent. She lives with her parents.
투는 월세를 안 내도 돼요. 부모님과 살거든요.
The test is open-book, so you don't need to learn the dates by heart.
오픈북 시험이라서 연도를 외울 필요가 없어요.
3. 신경 쓰지 않아도 된다고 말할 때 — 정중하고 친근한 표현
You don't have to bring anything. Just come!
아무것도 안 가져와도 돼. 그냥 와!
You needn't worry. Everything is ready.
걱정하실 필요 없어요. 다 준비됐어요.
You don't have to shout. I can hear you.
소리 지를 필요 없어. 다 들려. (실제 뜻: 소리 좀 그만 질러)
4. 무언가가 필요한지 물을 때
Do I have to bring my passport? — No, you don't.
여권을 가져가야 하나요? — 아니요, 필요 없어요.
Do we need to book? — No, you don't need to. Just walk in.
예약해야 하나요? — 아니요, 안 하셔도 돼요. 그냥 오세요.
3.don't have to일까, mustn't일까?
이 둘은 비슷해 보이지만 뜻은 완전히 다릅니다:
| 뜻 | |
|---|---|
| You don't have to tell him. | 그에게 말할 필요는 없다(말해도 된다). |
| You mustn't tell him. | 그에게 말하지 마라 — 허용되지 않는다. |
You don't have to pay for the drinks. They're free.
음료값은 안 내셔도 돼요. 무료예요.
You mustn't park here. It's for ambulances only.
여기에 주차하면 안 됩니다. 구급차 전용이에요.
간단한 테스트: “…하지만 원하면 해도 돼”를 덧붙일 수 있으면 don't have to를 씁니다. “금지”라는 뜻이면 mustn't를 씁니다.
4.과거 이야기하기
과거에는 didn't have to나 didn't need to를 씁니다: 필요하지 않았다는 뜻입니다.
The bus was almost empty, so we didn't have to stand.
버스가 거의 비어 있어서 서서 갈 필요가 없었어요.
Lan didn't need to cook — her mum had made dinner.
란은 요리할 필요가 없었어요. 엄마가 저녁을 해 두셨거든요.
무언가를 실제로 했지만 결과적으로 필요 없었던 경우, 영국 영어에서는 needn't have + 과거분사를 쓸 수 있습니다. 일상 대화에서는 그냥 didn't need to라고 하는 사람도 많습니다.
Oh, you needn't have bought milk — I got some this morning.
아, 우유 안 사 와도 됐는데 — 오늘 아침에 내가 샀어. (샀지만 필요 없었음)
5.자주 하는 실수
You mustn't pay for the drinks. They're free.You don't have to pay for the drinks. They're free.
필요 없음 → don't have to. mustn't는 금지라는 뜻입니다.
He don't have to work on Saturdays.He doesn't have to work on Saturdays.
he/she/it → doesn't.
She doesn't has to cook tonight.She doesn't have to cook tonight.
doesn't 뒤에는 has가 아니라 have.
You needn't to call me first.You needn't call me first.
needn't 뒤에 to를 쓰지 않습니다.
You don't need bring anything.You don't need to bring anything.
don't need 뒤에는 to가 필요합니다.
We haven't to wait.We don't have to wait.
have to의 부정은 don't를 씁니다.
예문
- It's Sunday tomorrow, so I don't have to get up early.
- Thu doesn't have to worry about rent. She lives with her parents.
- We don't need to hurry. The film starts at nine.
- You don't have to take your shoes off. Come in!
