Shadowing Practice: English - Medieval York - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
The city of York, which stands on the River Ouse, in the northern English county of Yorkshire, has a very long history.
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It was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, and by medieval times was one of the most important cities in England.
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William the Conqueror built the castle in about 1070 to control the city,
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but all that remains is the keep, called Clifford's Tower.
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The city is still surrounded by its medieval walls.
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Very few towns in England have any trace of their medieval walls nowadays, and these are the best preserved.
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The four main gatehouses, which give entry to the city, were very useful in medieval times, to levy taxes on goods coming into the city.
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There are many medieval buildings, including half-timbered houses.
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The Merchant Adventurers Hall is one of the most important medieval buildings in the city.
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It was founded in 1357 to promote economic activity and trade.
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The River Ouse was an important thoroughfare, and merchant ships arrived in York with cargoes of wine from France,
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furs from the Baltic and cloth from today's Netherlands, making York wealthy.
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The first church on the site was made of wood and built in 627.
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The present Minster, as the cathedral is called,
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was built in the 13th century and is mainly constructed of cream-coloured magnesium limestone, which is found nearby in Yorkshire.
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The minster is a supreme example of perpendicular Gothic architecture, which laid stress on soaring vertical lines,
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high windows with pointed arches, huge rose windows and decorative fan vaulting.
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There are 128 stained glass windows in the Minster.
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It is the largest area of stained glass in the world and the creation of anonymous medieval craftsmen.
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Like Purbeck marble from the south coast of England, was often used for tombs, especially for those of archbishops.
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The choir stalls were reserved for important churchmen and monks, one of the few social groups who could read and write.
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One of the glories of York Minster is the King's screen, with 15 sculptures of kings of England from William the Conqueror to Henry VI,
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who was murdered in 1471.
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York was famous for its cycles of mystery plays, put on outside the Minster to entertain the populace,
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but also to warn them to behave or go to hell after death.
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The city of York, a rich source of medieval culture in the north of England.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “English - Medieval York”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: medieval, minster, England, windows, built. Deze video bevat 26 zinnen en 394 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:25. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 115 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| medieval bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /mɪdˈi.vəl/ | middeleeuws, (mediaevaal) mediëvaal |
| stain zelfstandig naamwoord | /steɪn/ | vlek |
| merchant zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/ | koopman, koopvrouw |
| craftsman zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɹæftsmən/ | vakman |
| magnesium zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/ | magnesium |
| perpendicular bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ | loodrecht, haaks |
| populace zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɑpjələs/ | plebs |
| thoroughfare zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈθʌɹəfɛː/ | doorgang, passage |
| limestone zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ | kalksteen |
| surround werkwoord | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | omgeven, omringen |
| decorative bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ | decoratief |
| archbishop zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˈbɪʃəp/ | aartsbisschop |
| entertain werkwoord | /ˌɛntəˈteɪn/ | vermaken, amuseren |
| choir zelfstandig naamwoord | /kwaɪɚ/ | koor |
| tomb zelfstandig naamwoord | /tum/ | tombe |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De “th”-klanken: thoroughfare /ˈθʌɹəfɛː/, cathedral /kəˈθiːdɹəl/, cloth /klɒθ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, anonymous /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: craftsman /ˈkɹæftsmən/, magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/, cargo /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als medieval, stain, merchant.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.