Shadowing Practice: English - Medieval York - Learn English Speaking with Video
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26 cümleler
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1
The city of York, which stands on the River Ouse, in the northern English county of Yorkshire, has a very long history.
2
It was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, and by medieval times was one of the most important cities in England.
3
William the Conqueror built the castle in about 1070 to control the city,
4
but all that remains is the keep, called Clifford's Tower.
5
The city is still surrounded by its medieval walls.
6
Very few towns in England have any trace of their medieval walls nowadays, and these are the best preserved.
7
The four main gatehouses, which give entry to the city, were very useful in medieval times, to levy taxes on goods coming into the city.
8
There are many medieval buildings, including half-timbered houses.
9
The Merchant Adventurers Hall is one of the most important medieval buildings in the city.
10
It was founded in 1357 to promote economic activity and trade.
11
The River Ouse was an important thoroughfare, and merchant ships arrived in York with cargoes of wine from France,
12
furs from the Baltic and cloth from today's Netherlands, making York wealthy.
13
The first church on the site was made of wood and built in 627.
14
The present Minster, as the cathedral is called,
15
was built in the 13th century and is mainly constructed of cream-coloured magnesium limestone, which is found nearby in Yorkshire.
16
The minster is a supreme example of perpendicular Gothic architecture, which laid stress on soaring vertical lines,
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high windows with pointed arches, huge rose windows and decorative fan vaulting.
18
There are 128 stained glass windows in the Minster.
19
It is the largest area of stained glass in the world and the creation of anonymous medieval craftsmen.
20
Like Purbeck marble from the south coast of England, was often used for tombs, especially for those of archbishops.
21
The choir stalls were reserved for important churchmen and monks, one of the few social groups who could read and write.
22
One of the glories of York Minster is the King's screen, with 15 sculptures of kings of England from William the Conqueror to Henry VI,
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who was murdered in 1471.
24
York was famous for its cycles of mystery plays, put on outside the Minster to entertain the populace,
25
but also to warn them to behave or go to hell after death.
26
The city of York, a rich source of medieval culture in the north of England.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “English - Medieval York” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: medieval, minster, England, windows, built. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 26 cümle ve 394 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:25 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 115 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| stain isim | /steɪn/ | leke, lekeler |
| merchant isim | /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/ | tüccar, tacir |
| craftsman isim | /ˈkɹæftsmən/ | sanatkâr, zanaatçı |
| magnesium isim | /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/ | magnezyum |
| perpendicular sıfat | /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ | dik |
| populace isim | /ˈpɑpjələs/ | cumhur |
| limestone isim | /ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ | kireç taşı, küfeki (fossiliferous limestone) |
| decorative sıfat | /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ | dekoratif, tezyinî |
| archbishop isim | /ˌɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˈbɪʃəp/ | başpiskopos |
| levy fiil | /ˈlɛ.vi/ | vergi toplamak, tarhetmek |
| choir isim | /kwaɪɚ/ | koro |
| tomb isim | /tum/ | mezar |
| vault isim | /vɑlt/ | tonoz |
| sculpture isim | /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/ | heykel, yontu |
| monk isim | /mʌŋk/ | rahip, ruhban |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “th” sesleri: thoroughfare /ˈθʌɹəfɛː/, cathedral /kəˈθiːdɹəl/, cloth /klɒθ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, anonymous /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: choir /kwaɪɚ/, warn /woɹn/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: stain /steɪn/, craftsman /ˈkɹæftsmən/, stall /stɔːl/, choir /kwaɪɚ/, sculpture /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: craftsman /ˈkɹæftsmən/, magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; stain, merchant, craftsman gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.