Prática de Shadowing: Will YouTube Ever Run Out Of Video IDs? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
69 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
Every YouTube video has a unique ID.
2
It's up there in the URL, a string of 11 characters that uniquely identifies which video you want.
3
Now, YouTube has millions and millions of videos.
4
The last stats that they released said that they have 400 hours of video being uploaded every minute.
5
So, are they ever going to run out of those IDs?
6
Well, to find out, let's talk about counting systems.
7
People count in base ten.
8
Zero to nine.
9
That'll be, hopefully, familiar to you.
10
Computers count in base two, in binary.
11
But that's difficult for humans to read.
12
It gets too long to write really, really quickly.
13
So, often computers will display it in base sixteen.
14
Hexadecimal.
15
You have zero to nine, and then A to F, and then you start adding to the next column.
16
Humans can't understand that easily, but it's efficient if we have to type it in somewhere.
17
And sixteen, two to the power of four, is also easy for computers to deal with.
18
So how about base 64?
19
That'd be a ridiculous counting system, right?
20
Except 64 is another one of those easy numbers for computers.
21
It is 2 to the power of 6.
22
And humans can get to 64 very easily.
23
0 to 9, then capital letters A to Z, then small letters A to Z, and two other characters.
24
Most Base64 uses slash and plus, but they don't work so well in URLs, so YouTube uses hyphen and underscore.
25
That YouTube URL, that unique ID, is really just a random number in Base64.
26
They could have picked Base10 or Base16, but they didn't.
27
They went with 64, because it will let you cram a huge number into a small space
28
and still make it vaguely human-readable.
29
Author and programmer Sam Hughes, by the way, pushed this to the limit and invented base 65,536,
30
which includes basically every character from every language.
31
It is ridiculous and unnecessary, but when has that ever stopped programmers?
32
So, why didn't YouTube just start counting at one and work up?
33
Well, first, they would have to synchronise their counting between all the servers handling the video uploads.
34
Or they'd have to assign each server a block of numbers.
35
Either way, there's a lot of tracking to do, a lot of making sure that it's never duplicated.
36
Instead, they just generate a random number for each video, see if it's already taken, and if not, use it.
37
And secondly, it is a really, really bad idea to just count one, two, three, or so on in URLs.
38
Incremental counters, as they're called, can be a big security flaw.
39
If you see video 283 up there, then you might wonder, what's video 284?
40
Or video 282?
41
It's easy to enumerate, as it's called, to run through the entire list.
42
YouTube unlisted videos, the ones that don't appear publicly, but that you can send a link to people, those wouldn't work.
43
And by the way, lots of badly designed sites do use incremental counters and it is a terrible idea.
44
It might tell your competitors exactly how many customers you have, because they can just count them.
45
It might let people download all your records easily, because they can just run through them.
46
And in one site that someone in Florida emailed me about this week, it lets you look at other people's personal details.
47
Don't use incremental counters.
48
If you're building a website, use a random number.
49
Which brings me to the question, just how big are the numbers that YouTube uses?
50
Well, let's work it out.
51
One character of base 64 lets you have 64 ID numbers.
52
Two characters, that is 64 by 64, or 4096.
53
Three characters, 64 times 64 times 64, or 64 to the power of 3, that is already more than a quarter of a million.
54
And if we go to four, well, now we're above 16 million.
55
If you used base 64, then you can assign an ID number to everyone who lives in London down there twice over,
56
and you'll only need four characters.
57
This gets big fast.
58
We can keep on doing this, and by seven characters, we are already at four quadrillion.
59
Now I assume that YouTube checks through a dictionary and doesn't allow any actual words to appear up there,
60
particularly anything rude, but that is going to be a tiny minority of their URLs, so for our purposes, we can pretty much just ignore that.
61
At YouTube's 11 characters, we are at 73 quintillion 786 quadrillion 976 trillion 294 billion 838 million 206 thousand and 464 videos.
62
That is enough for every single human on planet Earth to upload a video every minute for around 18,000 years.
63
YouTube planned ahead.
64
Can they run out of URLs?
65
Technically, yes.
66
Practically, no. And if they did, they could just add one more character.
67
Oh, one take!
68
One take!
69
Yes!
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
C11
Flying a plane badly, on purpose.
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Why Britain Uses Separate Hot and Cold Taps
British AccentCambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
The secret underground pipeline across Britain
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
Why robots still can't pick strawberries
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
How much helium does it take to lift a person?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
Making an international standard cup of tea
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
The world's most frustrating work of art
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
The US-Canada border splits this road down the middle
British AccentTravel EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B12
This 1970s tank simulator drives through a tiny world
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
How can you legally fly a plane designed in 1910?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B13
The never-used road where the BBC crash cars
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Why California's musical road sounds terrible
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
If Educational Videos Were Filmed Like Music Videos
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
This Video Is 2D And 3D Simultaneously: the Pulfrich Effect
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
This 100-year-old ride must never change again.
British AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
I get excited about &.
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Testing the world's longest echo
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Thomas, a tank engine, is not Thomas the Tank Engine.
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
B23
268 frases
3 Things That Feel Like Progress But Aren't
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
101 frases
How Does a URL Shortener Work?
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
B24
169 frases
Powering The Internet is Becoming a Big Problem
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B11
278 frases
How to read ALL NUMBERS in English - BIG NUMBERS, Decimals, Dates, Fractions, Phones, Ordinals
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B24
180 frases
Is AI Doom Real... or Just Good Marketing?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
152 frases
Conan Learns About His YouTube Audience | Conan O'Brien Needs A Friend
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
42 frases
System Design: How to Build an API Rate Limiter
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
216 frases
Why your videos are stuck at 0 Impressions (HOW to fix it)
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B214
170 frases
Why a Circle Has 360 Degrees? | The History and Logic Behind 360° Explained with Animation
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
205 frases
The Man Who Stole MySpace | Samy
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
42 frases
How to get a Million YouTube Subscribers in 100 Seconds
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Para quem é este vídeo?
Este vídeo é perfeito para aprendizes de inglês intermediários e avançados que querem praticar compreensão auditiva e expandir seu vocabulário técnico, ao mesmo tempo que mergulham em um tópico curioso sobre tecnologia. Ideal para quem gosta de assuntos que combinam lógica e explicação clara, ele ajuda a treinar a escuta de termos específicos e a seguir raciocínios complexos em inglês. Se você usa o método de shadowing para melhorar a pronúncia e a fluência, o ritmo conversacional do narrador é excelente para práticas diárias.
Palavras e expressões para aprender
- Base 64: Sistema de numeração que usa 64 caracteres (números, letras maiúsculas, minúsculas e símbolos) para representar dados. No vídeo, é explicado como o YouTube usa isso para gerar IDs de vídeos.
- Incremental counters: Contadores sequenciais (1, 2, 3...) que podem ser uma falha de segurança. O narrador alertasobre os riscos de usá-los em URLs.
- Enumerate: Listar ou percorrer itens sequencialmente. No contexto, significa que alguém pode acessar vídeos não públicos se os IDs forem sequenciais.
- Cram: Acomodar muito em um espaço pequeno. No vídeo, "cram a huge number into a small space" significa representar um número grande com poucos caracteres.
Dicas para acertar a pronúncia
O narrador usa um tom conversacional, com pausas naturais para explicar conceitos. Preste atenção à pronúncia de palavras como quadrillion (kwɒˈdrɪljən) e quintillion (kwɪnˈtɪljən), que têm sílabas estressadas no segundo e terceiro tom, respectivamente. Pratique o shadowing repetindo frases longas, como "That's enough for every single human on planet Earth to upload a video every minute for around 18,000 years", mantendo o ritmo e a entonação. Isso ajudará a melhorar a fluência e a compreensão de sentenças complexas. Para treinar, use um shadowing site e compare sua gravação com o áudio do vídeo.
Se você quer aprender inglês com vídeos, este conteúdo é uma ótima opção: combina aprendizado de língua com curiosidades sobre a internet. Siga canais como o shadowspeaks para mais conteúdos que misturam informação e prática, e use o método shadow speak para internalizar a pronúncia e a estrutura das frases.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.