Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How To Stop Taking Things Personally

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I have good news and bad news.

Tôi có một tin tốt và một tin xấu.

It's not about you.

Đây không phải là về bạn.

Imagine that somebody across the street waves at you, so you wave back to them.

Hãy tưởng tượng rằng có người ở phía bên kia đường vẫy tay chào bạn, và bạn cũng vẫy tay đáp lại họ.

But then you realize that they're waving at the guy behind you and you're so embarrassed that you want to evaporate.

Nhưng rồi bạn nhận ra họ đang vẫy tay chào người đứng sau lưng mình, và bạn bối rối đến mức chỉ muốn biến mất ngay lập tức.

You're going to replay this in the shower for the next three years.

Bạn sẽ cứ nhớ lại khoảnh khắc này trong lúc tắm suốt ba năm tới đấy.

Whereas the person who waved at you has already forgotten it by the time that they reached their friend.

Trong khi đó, người vừa vẫy tay chào bạn đã quên hẳn chuyện đó ngay trước khi họ đến chỗ bạn bè của mình.

See, the guy behind you never noticed.

Thấy chưa, gã đứng sau bạn chẳng hề để ý.

Nobody on that street noticed either.

Không ai trên con phố đó cũng nhận ra cả.

They weren't thinking about you.

Họ đã không nghĩ về bạn.

Because everybody on that street was thinking about themselves.

Bởi vì tất cả mọi người trên con phố đó đều chỉ nghĩ đến bản thân mình.

That girl that you like who left your text on red three hours ago,

Cô gái mà bạn thích, người đã để tin nhắn của bạn chưa đọc từ ba tiếng trước,

you've reread your own message four times looking for what you said wrong.

bạn đã đọc lại tin nhắn của mình bốn lần để tìm xem mình đã nói sai ở đâu.

Meanwhile, she's in a dentist chair, or her dog just puked on her couch, or her phone died, or she saw it and thought,

Trong khi đó, cô ấy đang ngồi trên ghế nha sĩ, hoặc con chó của cô vừa nôn ra trên ghế sô pha, hoặc điện thoại của cô hết pin, hoặc cô ấy đã nhìn thấy tin nhắn rồi nghĩ rằng,

I'll answer that later.

Tôi sẽ trả lời câu đó sau.

And then her brain did what every brain does with every text.

Và rồi bộ não của cô ấy đã làm điều mà mọi bộ não đều làm với mọi đoạn văn bản.

She forgot about it.

Cô ấy đã quên chuyện đó.

You're one of the 47 notifications that she got today wedged between a target receipt

Bạn là một trong 47 thông báo mà cô ấy nhận được hôm nay, nằm lẫn giữa một hóa đơn của Target.

and a reminder to renew her car registration.

và một lời nhắc nhở để cô ấy gia hạn đăng ký xe ô tô.

Basically, it's not about you.

Về cơ bản thì chuyện này không phải là về bạn đâu.

Or let's say the worst -case scenario is actually true.

Hoặc giả sử rằng kịch bản xấu nhất thực sự đã xảy ra.

She's not into you.

Cô ấy không có tình cảm với bạn đâu.

She doesn't want to see you.

Cô ấy không muốn gặp bạn.

She doesn't want to talk to you.

Cô ấy không muốn nói chuyện với bạn.

You can take that as a judgment on your character and value as a human being,

Bạn có thể coi đó là một sự đánh giá về tính cách và giá trị của bản thân bạn với tư cách là một con người.

or you can realize that she has a vast network of internal values and associations that she's made,

hoặc bạn có thể nhận ra rằng cô ấy có một mạng lưới giá trị nội tại và các mối liên kết rộng lớn mà cô ấy đã xây dựng nên.

and for whatever reason, your unique combination of traits

và vì lý do nào đó, sự kết hợp độc đáo của các đặc điểm của bạn

and behaviors does not stimulate the correct sequence of stimuli in her hypothalamus to trigger a conscious experience of arousal.

và các hành vi không kích thích được chuỗi kích thích chính xác trong vùng dưới đồi của cô ấy để tạo ra trải nghiệm tỉnh táo về sự hưng phấn.

You didn't do anything wrong.

Bạn không làm gì sai cả.

She didn't do anything wrong it was just never going to happen anyway, and it was always outside of your control.

Cô ấy không làm gì sai cả, chuyện đó vốn dĩ không bao giờ xảy ra được, và nó luôn nằm ngoài tầm kiểm soát của bạn.

Basically, it's still not about you.

Về cơ bản, chuyện này vẫn không phải là về bạn.

Or how about this?

Hay là thế này thì sao?

Your friend bails on your birthday dinner an hour before.

Bạn của bạn hủy bữa tiệc sinh nhật của bạn chỉ một tiếng trước khi diễn ra.

He doesn't even bother to text you an apology.

Anh ta thậm chí còn không chịu nhắn tin xin lỗi bạn.

You feel angry, offended, humiliated.

Bạn cảm thấy tức giận, bị xúc phạm, bị làm nhục.

How could you care about someone who clearly doesn't give two shits back?

Làm sao mà bạn có thể quan tâm một người mà rõ ràng là họ chẳng hề quan tâm lại đến bạn chút nào?

You feel bad about yourself, and you feel even worse about them.

Bạn cảm thấy tồi tệ về bản thân, và bạn còn cảm thấy tồi tệ hơn về họ.

And you realize you are not a priority for them.

Và bạn nhận ra mình không phải là ưu tiên của họ.

That perhaps they aren't even capable of making another human being a priority at all.

Có lẽ họ thậm chí còn không có khả năng đặt một người khác làm ưu tiên hàng đầu.

That perhaps they see all relationships as highly transactional, unsentimental, and conditional on getting something of value out of another person.

Có lẽ họ coi tất cả các mối quan hệ đều mang tính chất trao đổi cao độ, không mang tính tình cảm và có điều kiện dựa trên việc nhận được những giá trị từ người khác.

You realize that you opted into this dynamic yourself, whether consciously or unconsciously, and

Bạn nhận ra rằng chính bạn đã lựa chọn vào mối quan hệ này, dù là một cách có ý thức hay vô thức, và

that your naive romantic notions of a burgeoning bromance were premature at best and completely delusional at worst.

rằng những quan niệm lãng mạn ngây thơ của bạn về một tình bạn nam đang nảy nở thì tốt nhất là còn quá sớm, còn tệ nhất là hoàn toàn ảo tưởng.

You realize that this

Bạn nhận ra rằng điều này

so -called friend who has ghosted you on the most important day of the year was never actually a friend at all.

Người bạn tự xưng là bạn thân mà lại lặn mất tăm vào ngày quan trọng nhất trong năm thực ra chưa bao giờ là một người bạn thật sự.

They were only imagined to be a friend, and that they are likely suffering from the loneliness

Họ chỉ được tưởng tượng là một người bạn, và có lẽ họ đang phải chịu đựng sự cô đơn.

and isolation of their emotionally siloed life far more than you ever will from having one fewer people at a birthday dinner.

và sự cô lập trong cuộc sống mà họ luôn giữ cảm xúc cho riêng mình, điều đó nặng nề hơn nhiều so với việc bạn chỉ thiếu một người trong bữa tiệc sinh nhật.

Basically, you realize it's not about you. Or this.

Về cơ bản, bạn nhận ra rằng mọi chuyện không phải là về bạn, hay là về chuyện này.

You give a toast at your brother's wedding, and your voice cracks like you're 13.

Bạn nâng ly phát biểu trong đám cưới của anh trai mình, rồi giọng bạn bật lên như thể mình mới mười ba tuổi.

You lose your place, you say um 11 times, and then you sit down certain that the whole room thinks that you're a fucking idiot.

Bạn quên mất đang nói đến đâu, bạn lặp từ "ừm" tới mười một lần, rồi sau đó ngồi xuống với cảm giác chắc chắn rằng cả phòng đang nghĩ bạn là một thằng ngốc.

Your face is flush with embarrassment, and you just want to curl up behind the DJ booth and die.

Mặt bạn đỏ bừng vì ngại ngùng, và bạn chỉ muốn cuộn mình lại sau gian hàng DJ rồi biến mất cho xong.

Yet research finds that fewer than a quarter of the people notice our most embarrassing moments.

The truth is, nobody fucking cares.

They are just happy to be at a wedding.

Happy the bride and groom are going to have a life together.

Happy that the dinner is four courses and all paid for.

Happy that they are going to get to dance to YMCA later

and hopefully make out with one of the bridesmaids behind the bar.

Happy that they are going to have an excuse to cancel all of their plans tomorrow when they have a hangover.

By the time you sit down, they have already forgotten that you even gave a speech.

Because it's not about you.

Or you find out your friends planned a weekend trip to Joshua Tree and you weren't in the group chat.

I mean, this one stings because it does feel like a verdict.

But group trips get planned by whoever happened to be at brunch that day.

Someone said, hey, we should go.

And four people said yes.

Someone made a chat and nobody stopped to audit the guest list.

And sure, maybe you weren't loved enough to be thought of in that moment.

Maybe they don't think of you as their bestest friend in the universe.

Maybe they don't pine for your presence in every free moment when you're not around.

Maybe they even find you to be a little bit needy, self -conscious, and exhausting.

Maybe one of the four guys actually secretly kind of doesn't like you.

Maybe they've actually known each other much longer than they've known you, and they pine for the days when they were a valiant foursome,

off on their own together.

Maybe they couldn't be bothered to invite other people, and they just didn't even think anything of it.

Basically, maybe it's not about you.

Or you get fired.

HR is in the room, there's a box for your stuff, and it feels like the most personal judgment imaginable.

They looked at you and they decided, this guy's not worth it.

But in truth, layoffs get decided in spreadsheets by people who have never heard your voice.

They don't recognize your name, and they certainly don't give a shit if you have a stellar personality or not.

A VP needed to cut 12 % of costs before the earnings call, and your salary was a sell in column F.

Congratulations, you get three months severance and a new LinkedIn profile picture.

But let's say it's even worse.

Let's say that you actually do fucking suck at your job, and you're fired for performance, and your manager is sick of your shit,

and his manager is breathing down his neck telling him to run a tighter ship.

So guess what?

You're done.

You're gone.

And it hurts.

It hurts to realize that you weren't good enough at that role to make the cut.

But maybe, maybe it's not just a lost job.

Maybe it's a market signal.

Maybe you were not right for that role to begin with.

Maybe it didn't suit your skill set or your personality or your interests, or you were never really motivated to do a good job anyway.

Maybe you lacked the enthusiasm necessary to excel.

Maybe you went into the wrong career to begin with and never stopped to question why.

Maybe this is actually that opportunity to realize

that you have never properly assessed what you're great at and what you're not great at.

Maybe, just maybe, this is the best thing that has ever happened to you professionally.

And while it is technically about you, it's also not really about you.

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It's about what you're best at and leveraging those skills to create the most enriching life possible.

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So really quick, before we talk more about how it's not about you, let's talk about me.

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This video is sponsored by Veyr.

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Now, a lot of you guys have been commenting, asking me about my watches, And I'm very excited to announce that for the first time,

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one of the watch brands that I wear has decided to sponsor a video.

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And they were kind enough to send through a bunch of awesome watches for me to try on

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and to show off to you guys.

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So Veer is really interesting because it was started by two friends back in 2016

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because they wanted one watch for surfing before work and also for work itself.

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They didn't want to have to switch when they went from the ocean into the office.

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And by 2018, they were assembling watches right here in the United States out of California, Arizona, and Alabama.

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Now here is what actually sold me on wearing it.

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The crown screw down so you twist it shut and you stop thinking about water.

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It's water resistant and Veyr backs it with an actual waterproof warranty.

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Now if it ever lets water in while sealed properly they fix it or replace it.

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The crystal is sapphire.

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It's the same scratch resistant glass that you see on watches five times the price.

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So Veyr was cool enough to let me pick any watch from their entire collection

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and I picked this one because of the really unique orange face.

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You know it's on brand guys.

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The whole book is bright orange

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so I felt like I needed a bright orange watch to blind you guys with when I'm sitting here doing YouTube videos.

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So check out Veer through the link in my description.

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Go to www .veerwatches .com slash Mark Manson.

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And if you buy a watch, you will get a free watch roll, which is normally worth $59.

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It's super cool.

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It's great for traveling.

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Very nice.

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But you can only get it if you buy a watch through my link in the description below.

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Back to the video.

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Then let's say your partner cheats on you.

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Of everything on this list, this one probably feels the most about you.

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You weren't enough.

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You weren't hot enough.

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You weren't fun enough.

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You weren't present enough.

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You weren't loving enough.

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But the infidelity research points the other direction.

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The best predictor of whether someone will cheat is whether they've cheated before.

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A 2017 study that followed people across multiple relationships found

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that the people who cheated in one relationship were three times more likely to cheat in the next one.

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New partner, same result.

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The common denominator is the person doing the cheating, not the person being cheated on.

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Personality research finds the same pattern.

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People who score high in narcissism, low in conscientiousness, and who get uncomfortable when intimacy gets real are the ones who end up straying.

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They brought those traits into the relationship.

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You didn't put them there.

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So once again, it isn't really about you.

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Or is it?

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Because you did contribute to the relationship.

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You chose to be with them.

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You believed them when they told you that they were committed.

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But here's the problem.

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Infidelity isn't meaningfully connected to the quality of the partner or the relationship.

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The psychologist Shirley Glass found that 56 % of men

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and 34 % of women who'd had affairs described their marriages as happy or very happy.

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They weren't fleeing a bad partner.

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Esther Perel, who has spent decades counseling couples after affairs, says that people who stray are usually looking for different versions of themselves,

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not a different partner.

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The version who isn't a tired parent with a mortgage, or the version who feels 25 and full of energy again.

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Sure, maybe there were problems.

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Maybe you've drifted and let yourself go.

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Maybe the sex has gone stale.

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Every long relationship has problems.

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But a problem in a relationship leaves you with a bunch of honest options.

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You can bring it up and work on it.

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You can go to therapy.

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You can leave.

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Cheating is the option that lets them get what they want without having the hard conversations, without doing any of the work.

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Choosing it takes a specific type of cowardice, and that cowardice was in them long before you showed up,

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and there was nothing you could have done to fix it.

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Your partner was running from something inside of themselves, and you happened to live in the house and be with them when they ran.

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Could you have done more?

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Of course you could have.

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Could things have been salvaged?

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Yeah, probably.

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But is it about you?

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No. Honestly, it is about them.

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Now, you might be saying this is getting a little bit ridiculous.

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I mean, Mark, are you saying that nothing is about me?

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Nothing is personal?

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Isn't that just avoiding responsibility or my problems?

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No, actually, you are responsible for everything in your life.

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You are responsible for everything you do.

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And so in that sense, everything that you do is about you.

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But similarly, everything everybody else does is primarily about them.

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It's not personal towards you.

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It's not about you.

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That girl that never got back to you, it's about her.

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It's not about you.

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It's not personal.

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That friend who ditched you, it's about them, not about you.

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It's really not that personal.

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The job you lost, it's about them, not about you.

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The cheating spouse at the end of the day, even if you were a shitty partner, it was about them and the choices that they made.

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They chose to handle it that way.

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It's about them.

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So why do we resist this idea?

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Why do we keep telling ourselves that everything is actually about us?

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I think we do this because we'd have to accept the fact

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that nobody is thinking about us as much as we think they are.

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Because believing that every slight aimed at you is about you requires a certain degree of self -importance

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that I think underneath it all feels kind of good.

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To take everything personally, you're assuming that somebody with their own job, their own family, their own credit card debt

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and weird rash spent part of their day masterminding how to make you feel like shit, I mean, come on.

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They didn't.

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They don't really fucking care.

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See, the twisted fucked up thing about taking everything personally is

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that each grievance makes you the main character of the entire world.

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If your friend skipped your birthday to hurt you, then you mattered enough to be someone worth hurting.

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If a girl broke your heart because you said the wrong thing, then it means that your words matter enough to end a relationship over.

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The truth is, she just wasn't that into you.

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And being wronged feels much better than being irrelevant.

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Psychologists who study people with chronic senses of victimhood find

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that they ruminate on old slights and crave having their pain recognized by others.

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The slight becomes almost like a little trophy that they can show and display to others.

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It's proof that they count, that they matter.

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The psychologist David Elkind calls it the imaginary audience, the conviction that everybody is watching and judging you at all times.

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Kids have it, teenagers especially have it, and they agonize about it, but you're supposed to outgrow it.

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But the truth is, plenty of adults never outgrow it, they just get better at hiding it.

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When one unanswered text ruins your whole weekend, the 12 -year -old who got laughed at in the cafeteria

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is still in there inside of you throwing a fucking pity parade, imagining that everything everyone else does leads back to you.

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No matter how fucked up the situation, the reason for someone's behavior lives inside that person.

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Their fears, their habits, their bad week, their dead phone.

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Aaron Beck, the founder of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,

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had a name for a habit of assuming that you caused events that had little or nothing to do with you.

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He called it personalization, and he classified it as a cognitive distortion.

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Now, the fix that cognitive behavioral therapists use is very simple.

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When something stings, you're supposed to come up with three explanations for it that don't involve you in any way.

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They don't have to be true, they just need to be possible.

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And when part of the mess is yours, you can own that part.

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If you were a crappy partner, great, fix that for your next relationship.

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If you were really bad at your job, then you should probably figure out why.

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Now, all of this can sound a little bleak, like nobody's thinking about you that much,

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or your friends aren't lying awake wondering how you're doing every day,

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or the guests at your brother's wedding forgot your toast as soon as the conga line started.

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But actually, flip it around.

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Because if nobody is watching that closely, if nobody cares, nobody is grading you either.

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Nobody is actually judging.

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You can take the salsa class and be fucking terrible at it.

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You can start a YouTube channel and have nobody watch it.

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You can ask the dumb question in a meeting and actually learn something new.

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You can wear the weird sweater that gets you strange looks on the train.

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Nobody cares.

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Nobody's going to remember.

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The audience that you've been performing for your whole life is mostly empty seats.

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And the few people

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that are sitting there are probably too busy worrying about their own performance to notice the quality of yours.

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So no, it isn't about you.

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Which means you get to go be whoever you want to be.

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So go be it.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “How To Stop Taking Things Personally”. Video này có 250 câu và 2846 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 14:08. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 201 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
cheat động từ	/ˈt͡ʃiːt/	gian lận, bịp
psychologist danh từ	/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/	bắc sĩ tâm lý, nhà tâm lý học
priority danh từ	/pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/	sự ưu tiên
bother động từ	/ˈbɑðɚ/	quấy rầy
habit danh từ	/ˈhæb.ɪt/	thói quen
twist động từ	/twɪst/	vặn, xoắn
pine danh từ	/paɪn/	thông, tùng
toast danh từ	/toʊst/	bánh mì nướng
sting động từ	/ˈstɪŋ/	đốt, chích
trait danh từ	/tɹeɪt/	đặc điểm, đặc tính
founder danh từ	/ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/	người sáng lập
ghost danh từ	/ɡoʊst/	ma, ma quỉ
suck động từ	/sʌk/	bú
congratulations	/kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/	chúc mừng, xin chúc mừng
crystal danh từ	/ˈkɹɪstəl/	tinh thể, pha lê

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

Từ	Nghĩa
sit down động từ	ngồi xuống, ngồi
check out động từ	tính tiền, trả phòng

Những câu đáng luyện lại

Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:

They weren't thinking about you.
Basically, it's not about you.
She doesn't want to see you.
Could you have done more?
Isn't that just avoiding responsibility or my problems?

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been + -ing — việc bắt đầu từ trước và vẫn đang tiếp tục	have been commenting · you've been performing
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	has already forgotten · has ghosted · have already forgotten
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	were only imagined · weren't loved · be bothered
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật	person who waved · someone who clearly · friend who has

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 66 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, weren't, didn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, breathe /bɹiːð/, booth /buθ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, registration /ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/

Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:

Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, twist /twɪst/, resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/, toast /toʊst/
Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: cheat /ˈt͡ʃiːt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/
Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, vast /væst/, romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/, crack /kɹæk/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như cheat, psychologist, priority.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How To Stop Taking Things Personally

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

Những câu đáng luyện lại

Ngữ pháp trong video

Phát âm cần chú ý

Cách luyện với video này

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?