跟讀練習: Big Egos vs. Strong Egos: How To Spot A Weak One - 通過影片學習英語口語

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What's the difference between a big ego and a strong one?

自大和自信的差別是什麼？

That's what I'm talking about today.

這就是我今天要談的主題。

I'm Dr. Tracy Marks, a psychiatrist, and I make mental health education videos.

我是精神科醫師 Tracy Marks，專門製作心理健康教育影片。

The concept of the ego comes from psychoanalytic theory in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the mind.

自我的概念源自西格蒙德·佛洛伊德心智結構模型中的精神分析理論。

With this model, the mind is divided into three structures, the id, the ego, and the superego.

根據這個模型，心靈被劃分為三個結構：本我、自我與超我。

The id is like your lizard brain.

本我就像是你的爬蟲腦。

It represents your instinctual drives, including sexual and aggressive urges.

它代表你的本能驅動力，包括性衝動與攻擊性衝動。

These drives are unconscious and beyond your awareness.

這些驅動力是潛意識的，位於你的覺知範圍之外。

On the other end of the spectrum is the superego.

在光譜的另一端則是超我。

Your superego represents your values and moral principles.

你的超我代表了你的價值觀與道德原則。

It's like your sense of right and wrong.

這就像是你的是非觀。

Your superego is completely conscious, and some people even equate it to your conscience.

你的超我完全存在於意識之中，有些人甚至將它等同於你的良心。

So you have your id part of your mind that wants to run loose and do whatever it feels like doing,

所以你內心有一部分的本我，想要毫無拘束地隨心所欲做任何想做的事，

and your superego that makes the judgments about whether what you really wanna do or think is acceptable.

而你的超我則會判斷你真正想做或想的事是否是可接受的。

The moderator between these two structures is your ego.

這兩個結構之間的協調者就是你的自我。

It does all the heavy lifting when it comes to making decisions and processing information that you get from your external world.

它負責處理所有繁重任務，包含制定決策以及處理你從外界獲得的資訊。

It interprets that information and takes action.

它會解讀該資訊並採取行動。

The stronger your ego, the more adaptive you are.

你的自我越強大，適應力就越強。

Your ego develops in the first three years of your life.

自我會在你生命的前三年發展成形。

Your view of the world is formed by your early interactions.

你對世界的看法是由早期的人際互動所形塑的。

You form a vibrant, healthy view of the world and yourself if you have early relationships that affirm you with acceptance, empathy, and validation.

若在早期的人際關係中獲得接納、同理心與肯定，你會對世界與自身建立起充滿活力且健康的觀點。

These experiences don't come only from your mother.

這些經歷並非只來自你的母親。

A baby can feel affirmed by a doting babysitter.

寶寶能透過溺愛他的保母感受到被肯定。

Similarly, negative experiences in this stage of your life can chip away at your ego strength,

同樣地，人生這個階段的負面經歷會逐漸削弱你的自我強度。

but the net result is the sum total of your experiences.

但整體結果就是你所有經歷的總和。

So one bad day stuck in a baby bouncer and ignored doesn't destroy your ego.

所以就算有一天運氣不好，被困在嬰兒彈跳椅上還沒人理，也不會摧毀你的自尊心。

It's the general experience that you have with the people that you spend a lot of time with.

這是你和經常相處的人相處時的整體感受。

So you can think of your ego as your I or yourself because it's who you are at your core.

所以你可以把自我視為你的「我」或者你自己，因為它就是你最核心的本質。

But the term has morphed into meaning having an overblown view of yourself and something negative that you need to leave behind,

但這個詞已經演變成意指對自己有過度膨脹的看法，以及一種你需要揚棄的負面特質。

like leave your ego at the door.

就把你的自尊心放在門外再進來。

That meaning is what people think of as having a big ego, but a big ego is not strong.

那種含義就是人們所謂的自負，但自負並不等於強大。

It results from overcompensating to manage a weak ego.

這是為了應對脆弱的自我而過度補償所導致的結果。

Your ego strength is how well your mind is able to fulfill the normal ego functions

自我強度指的是你的心智能夠多完善地執行正常的自我功能。

that help you self -regulate and adapt to prosperity, adversity, and change.

協助你自我調節，並順應順境、逆境與變化。

And here are some of the functions of the ego.

以下是自我的幾項功能。

Abstract thinking, perception, and reality testing.

抽象思考、知覺與現實測試。

And this is knowing when what you think is logical and fits with reality.

而這就是判斷你認為合乎邏輯且符合現實的時機。

Censorship, which is being able to determine when a thought or urge is appropriate.

所謂的審查機制，指的是能夠判斷某個想法或衝動在何種情況下是適當的能力。

Social judgment, affect tolerance.

社會判斷、情感容忍度

This is how much you're able to tolerate strong emotions.

這就是你能夠承受強烈情緒的程度。

Impulse control, defense mechanisms for coping and internal conflict resolution.

衝動控制、因應用的防衛機制以及內在衝突解決。

If you have a strong ego, you have self -confidence, high frustration tolerance,

如果你擁有強大的自我，你就會具備自信與高度的挫折容忍力。

you can postpone gratification, you can compromise and forego your own desires

你可以延遲享樂，也可以妥協、放下自己的慾望。

and wishes for the greater good when necessary and this is a measure of impulse control,

並且在必要時會為了更大的福祉而壓抑慾望，這是衡量衝動控制能力的一項指標。

and you can resolve internal conflicts before they cause problems for you.

並且您可以在內部衝突對您造成問題之前解決它們。

Here's an example of a conflict resolution issue.

以下是一個衝突解決議題的範例。

Suppose you have trouble committing to things because you don't wanna make the wrong decision.

假設你因為不想做出錯誤的決定，而難以對各種事務做出承諾。

And this is an internal conflict that can manifest in any scenario of making daily decisions.

而這是一種內心衝突，可能會在任何日常決策的情境中出現。

In this case, it affects your relationships.

在這種情況下，這會影響你的人際關係。

You meet someone that you're attracted to and you start dating,

你遇見了一個讓你心動的人，然後開始約會，

but you're hesitant to become exclusive because you fear you're gonna miss out on someone better.

但你遲遲不願定下來專一交往，因為你怕錯過更好的對象。

A way to resolve this conflict is to accept

解決這個衝突的一個方法是接受

that you can't control the unknown and there's always the possibility of finding someone that you think is better.

你無法控制未知的事物，而且永遠都有可能遇到你認為更合適的人。

They may be better in some ways, but not in others.

它們在某些方面可能比較好，但在其他方面則不然。

So you reason to yourself that you'll never know how good

所以你暗自思忖，你永遠不會知道那有多美好

or bad this person is going to be until you give it a full try.

這個人到底有多糟，你要親身完整體驗過才會知道。

If it feels like it's a good fit for you,

如果你覺得這很適合你，

you remind yourself that no one is perfect and you could spend an eternity looking for someone better.

你會提醒自己人無完人，而且就算花上永恆的時間，也未必能找到更好的對象。

If you resolve the conflict, you agree to having a committed relationship and see where it takes you.

如果你解決了這場衝突，就代表你同意進入一段認真的交往關係，並且順著關係的發展走下去。

But if you get stuck on the conflict and don't resolve it, you push the person away, continue to have shallow relationships that don't lead anywhere,

但如果你卡在衝突裡不解決，就會把對方推遠，一直維持著沒有進展的淺層關係，

and end up unhappy because you can't seem to find the right person.

最後卻因為一直找不到合適的人而感到不快樂。

Here are some signs of a weak ego.

以下是自我感薄弱的幾項跡象。

Being impulsive and needing immediate gratification.

衝動且需要立即滿足。

Emotional instability in the form of outbursts and explosions.

以情緒爆發與劇烈發作形式呈現的情緒不穩定狀態。

You may apologize for the explosions and wish you didn't do them, but you keep doing them because you don't have the control.

你可能會為自己的情緒爆發道歉，也後悔自己這麼做，但你還是一再犯下同樣的錯，因為你根本控制不住自己。

Feeling inferior and then needing to exert superiority over others in order to elevate yourself.

感到自卑，接著需要透過壓過別人來展現優越感，藉此提升自己的價值。

An example of this is needing to see other people lose to feel a win for yourself.

舉例來說，就是需要看到其他人輸，才會覺得自己贏了。

Another sign of a weak ego is having distorted reality perceptions.

另一個自我感薄弱的跡象，就是對現實的認知產生扭曲。

This may manifest as intense paranoia, always feeling someone has ill intentions.

這可能會表現為強烈的偏執，總是覺得有人懷有惡意。

Another sign is having a fragile sense of self.

另一個跡象是自我認知脆弱。

You need others to define who you are, what you believe, and what you should do.

你需要由別人來定義你是誰、你相信什麼，以及你該做什麼。

You're dependent, but you don't wanna be.

你現在處於依賴狀態，但你並不想這樣。

You look to others for direction, but then resent them for controlling you and making you feel like a child.

你會尋求他人的指引，卻又對他們的控制感到不滿，覺得自己像個孩子一樣被對待。

A last sign that I'll mention is using primitive defenses.

我要提到的最後一項跡象，是使用原始的防衛機制。

I talk about defense mechanisms in this video.

我在這支影片中談到防衛機制。

Ego weakness doesn't have to be all of these things.

自我弱勢不一定要包含所有這些狀況。

It can affect certain aspects of your personality.

它可能會影響你性格的某些層面。

How do you strengthen your ego?

你要如何強化自我？

Here are two ways.

以下是兩種方法。

First, engage in activities that increase your insight like therapy or journaling.

首先，參與能提升自我洞察的活動，例如心理治療或寫日記。

There are many ways to journal and some types are gratitude journaling, developing affirming self -talk, or writing out daily observations for self -reflection.

寫日記的方式有很多種，常見的類型包括感恩日記、培養正向自我對話，或是記錄日常觀察來進行自我反思。

Writing these thoughts out rather than just thinking about them makes them more concrete and helps you consider other points of view.

把這些想法寫下來，而不只是放在腦子裡想，會讓它們變得更具體，也能幫助你考量其他不同的觀點。

Opening your mind to other points of view of a situation increases your psychological flexibility.

對於同一狀況，敞開心胸接納不同觀點，能提升心理彈性。

A second suggestion is to engage in self -care activities such as setting limits with people.

第二個建議是從事自我照護活動，例如與他人設定界線。

Say no to activities and requests that don't serve you even if it's something that someone else wants.

即使是他人的期望，也要拒絕那些對你沒有益處的活動與要求。

Eliminate negative people and situations from your life.

請將生活中會帶來負面影響的人與事排除。

Take care of your body with proper rest, exercise, and diet.

請透過適當的休息、運動與飲食來照顧你的身體。

Make time to be intentional in these areas.

請撥出時間，在這些領域採取有意識的行動。

For example, make having a regular bedtime a priority.

舉例來說，把固定就寢時間列為優先事項。

You don't wanna fall asleep only when everything is finished or when you feel tired, because if you stay up working on something,

你不會想等到所有事情都做完或是覺得累了才去睡覺，因為如果你熬夜處理事情，

you may not feel tired at your ideal bedtime, and your body will allow

你在理想就寢時間可能不會感到疲累，而你的身體會允許這種狀況發生。

you to stay awake for as long as it can until it gives up on you

它會盡可能讓你保持清醒，直到它放棄為止。

and turns the lights out for you.

然後幫你把燈關掉。

But that time may not be until 2 a .m.

但那個時間可能要等到凌晨兩點才會到。

instead of 10 p .m.

而不是晚上10點

In your mind, you can think, I wasn't sleepy at 10, but you could have fallen asleep had you prepared for it and gotten in bed.

你心裡可能會想，我十點的時候根本不睏，但如果你當時做好就寢準備、上床躺好，其實是睡得著的。

But since you were up, your mind and body allowed you to keep going.

但因為你當時是清醒的，你的心智與身體得以讓你繼續撐下去。

And it's easy for busy people to sacrifice sleep in order to get things done.

忙碌的人很容易為了完成各種事務而犧牲睡眠。

But all that does is subtract from your capacity to self -regulate and adapt.

但這一切只會削弱你自我調節與適應的能力。

100

A third approach to strengthening your ego is to recognize if you use primitive defenses and change them to more mature ones.

強化自我的第三種方法，是辨識自己是否使用原始防禦機制，並將其轉換為更成熟的防禦機制。

101

Watch this video on defense mechanisms and this one on psychological flexibility.

請觀看這支關於防衛機制的影片，以及這支關於心理彈性的影片。

102

Thanks for watching.

感謝您的觀看。

103

See you next time.

下次見。

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Big Egos vs. Strong Egos: How To Spot A Weak One”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：ego, conflict, self, superego, defense。這段影片共有 103 個句子、1311 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:31。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 175 個詞，接近日常對話。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
resolve 動詞	/ɹɪˈzɑlv/	解決 /解決
mechanism 名詞	/ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/	機械 /機械, 機構 /機構
asleep 形容詞	/əˈsliːp/	睡著的, 睡著的
judgment 名詞	/ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/	判斷 /判斷
explosion 名詞	/ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/	爆炸, 爆發 /爆發
perception 名詞	/pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/	知覺 /知覺, 感知
urge 動詞	/ɜːd͡ʒ/	催促
tolerance 名詞	/ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/	寬容 /寬容
strengthen 動詞	/ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/	加強 /加強
adapt 動詞	/əˈdæpt/	適應 /適應
regulate 動詞	/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/	調節 /調節
primitive 名詞	/ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/	原始人
impulse 名詞	/ˈɪmpʌls/	衝動 /衝動, 意氣 /意氣
manifest 名詞	/ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/	宣告 /宣告, 宣言
bedtime 名詞	/ˈbɛdtaɪm/	就寢時間 /就寢時間

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
end up 動詞	到達
leave behind 動詞	遺棄 /遺棄
stay up 動詞	熬夜

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

That's what I'm talking about today.
It's like your sense of right and wrong.
These experiences don't come only from your mother.
You're dependent, but you don't wanna be.
How do you strengthen your ego?

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 28 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, you're, wanna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, primitive /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, asleep /əˈsliːp/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, commit /kəˈmɪt/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, tolerance /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, moral /ˈmoɹəl/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 resolve, mechanism, asleep 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Big Egos vs. Strong Egos: How To Spot A Weak One - 通過影片學習英語口語

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