Prática de Shadowing: Big Egos vs. Strong Egos: How To Spot A Weak One - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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What's the difference between a big ego and a strong one?
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That's what I'm talking about today.
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I'm Dr. Tracy Marks, a psychiatrist, and I make mental health education videos.
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The concept of the ego comes from psychoanalytic theory in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the mind.
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With this model, the mind is divided into three structures, the id, the ego, and the superego.
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The id is like your lizard brain.
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It represents your instinctual drives, including sexual and aggressive urges.
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These drives are unconscious and beyond your awareness.
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On the other end of the spectrum is the superego.
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Your superego represents your values and moral principles.
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It's like your sense of right and wrong.
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Your superego is completely conscious, and some people even equate it to your conscience.
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So you have your id part of your mind that wants to run loose and do whatever it feels like doing,
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and your superego that makes the judgments about whether what you really wanna do or think is acceptable.
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The moderator between these two structures is your ego.
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It does all the heavy lifting when it comes to making decisions and processing information that you get from your external world.
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It interprets that information and takes action.
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The stronger your ego, the more adaptive you are.
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Your ego develops in the first three years of your life.
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Your view of the world is formed by your early interactions.
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You form a vibrant, healthy view of the world and yourself if you have early relationships that affirm you with acceptance, empathy, and validation.
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These experiences don't come only from your mother.
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A baby can feel affirmed by a doting babysitter.
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Similarly, negative experiences in this stage of your life can chip away at your ego strength,
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but the net result is the sum total of your experiences.
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So one bad day stuck in a baby bouncer and ignored doesn't destroy your ego.
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It's the general experience that you have with the people that you spend a lot of time with.
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So you can think of your ego as your I or yourself because it's who you are at your core.
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But the term has morphed into meaning having an overblown view of yourself and something negative that you need to leave behind,
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like leave your ego at the door.
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That meaning is what people think of as having a big ego, but a big ego is not strong.
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It results from overcompensating to manage a weak ego.
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Your ego strength is how well your mind is able to fulfill the normal ego functions
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that help you self -regulate and adapt to prosperity, adversity, and change.
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And here are some of the functions of the ego.
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Abstract thinking, perception, and reality testing.
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And this is knowing when what you think is logical and fits with reality.
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Censorship, which is being able to determine when a thought or urge is appropriate.
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Social judgment, affect tolerance.
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This is how much you're able to tolerate strong emotions.
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Impulse control, defense mechanisms for coping and internal conflict resolution.
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If you have a strong ego, you have self -confidence, high frustration tolerance,
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you can postpone gratification, you can compromise and forego your own desires
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and wishes for the greater good when necessary and this is a measure of impulse control,
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and you can resolve internal conflicts before they cause problems for you.
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Here's an example of a conflict resolution issue.
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Suppose you have trouble committing to things because you don't wanna make the wrong decision.
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And this is an internal conflict that can manifest in any scenario of making daily decisions.
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In this case, it affects your relationships.
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You meet someone that you're attracted to and you start dating,
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but you're hesitant to become exclusive because you fear you're gonna miss out on someone better.
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A way to resolve this conflict is to accept
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that you can't control the unknown and there's always the possibility of finding someone that you think is better.
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They may be better in some ways, but not in others.
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So you reason to yourself that you'll never know how good
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or bad this person is going to be until you give it a full try.
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If it feels like it's a good fit for you,
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you remind yourself that no one is perfect and you could spend an eternity looking for someone better.
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If you resolve the conflict, you agree to having a committed relationship and see where it takes you.
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But if you get stuck on the conflict and don't resolve it, you push the person away, continue to have shallow relationships that don't lead anywhere,
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and end up unhappy because you can't seem to find the right person.
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Here are some signs of a weak ego.
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Being impulsive and needing immediate gratification.
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Emotional instability in the form of outbursts and explosions.
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You may apologize for the explosions and wish you didn't do them, but you keep doing them because you don't have the control.
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Feeling inferior and then needing to exert superiority over others in order to elevate yourself.
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An example of this is needing to see other people lose to feel a win for yourself.
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Another sign of a weak ego is having distorted reality perceptions.
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This may manifest as intense paranoia, always feeling someone has ill intentions.
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Another sign is having a fragile sense of self.
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You need others to define who you are, what you believe, and what you should do.
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You're dependent, but you don't wanna be.
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You look to others for direction, but then resent them for controlling you and making you feel like a child.
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A last sign that I'll mention is using primitive defenses.
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I talk about defense mechanisms in this video.
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Ego weakness doesn't have to be all of these things.
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It can affect certain aspects of your personality.
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How do you strengthen your ego?
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Here are two ways.
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First, engage in activities that increase your insight like therapy or journaling.
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There are many ways to journal and some types are gratitude journaling, developing affirming self -talk, or writing out daily observations for self -reflection.
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Writing these thoughts out rather than just thinking about them makes them more concrete and helps you consider other points of view.
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Opening your mind to other points of view of a situation increases your psychological flexibility.
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A second suggestion is to engage in self -care activities such as setting limits with people.
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Say no to activities and requests that don't serve you even if it's something that someone else wants.
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Eliminate negative people and situations from your life.
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Take care of your body with proper rest, exercise, and diet.
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Make time to be intentional in these areas.
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For example, make having a regular bedtime a priority.
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You don't wanna fall asleep only when everything is finished or when you feel tired, because if you stay up working on something,
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you may not feel tired at your ideal bedtime, and your body will allow
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you to stay awake for as long as it can until it gives up on you
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and turns the lights out for you.
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But that time may not be until 2 a .m.
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instead of 10 p .m.
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In your mind, you can think, I wasn't sleepy at 10, but you could have fallen asleep had you prepared for it and gotten in bed.
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But since you were up, your mind and body allowed you to keep going.
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And it's easy for busy people to sacrifice sleep in order to get things done.
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But all that does is subtract from your capacity to self -regulate and adapt.
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A third approach to strengthening your ego is to recognize if you use primitive defenses and change them to more mature ones.
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Watch this video on defense mechanisms and this one on psychological flexibility.
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Thanks for watching.
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See you next time.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Big Egos vs. Strong Egos: How To Spot A Weak One”. As palavras que mais se repetem: ego, conflict, self, superego, defense. Este vídeo tem 103 frases e 1311 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:31. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 175 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 82% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| resolve verbo | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | resolver, decidir |
| mechanism substantivo | /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ | mecanismo |
| asleep adjetivo | /əˈsliːp/ | dormindo |
| judgment substantivo | /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/ | juízo, julgamento |
| psychological adjetivo | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psicológico |
| explosion substantivo | /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ | explosão |
| perception substantivo | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percepção, perceção |
| urge verbo | /ɜːd͡ʒ/ | impelir, urgir |
| tolerance substantivo | /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ | tolerância |
| strengthen verbo | /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ | fortalecer, reforçar |
| flexibility substantivo | /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/ | flexibilidade |
| adapt verbo | /əˈdæpt/ | adaptar |
| regulate verbo | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | regular |
| primitive substantivo | /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/ | primitivo |
| impulse substantivo | /ˈɪmpʌls/ | impulso |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- That's what I'm talking about today.
- It's like your sense of right and wrong.
- These experiences don't come only from your mother.
- You're dependent, but you don't wanna be.
- How do you strengthen your ego?
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 28 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, you're, wanna. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: asleep /əˈsliːp/, commit /kəˈmɪt/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, adapt /əˈdæpt/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: moral /ˈmoɹəl/, ideal /aɪˈdi(ə)l/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, structural /ˈstɹʌk(t͡)ʃəɹəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/, hesitant /ˈhɛzɪtənt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como resolve, mechanism, asleep.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.