跟读练习: James A. Garfield | 60-Second Presidents | PBS - 通过视频学习英语口语
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17 句
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1
There was a time when James Garfield was among the most beloved presidents in U.S history.
2
Sadly for Garfield, that time was right after he was assassinated.
3
On paper, Garfield was a lot like his predecessor, Rutherford Hayes.
4
They were both lawyers, Civil War heroes, experienced politicians, Ohioans, and bearded wonders.
5
Hayes promised to serve only one term, and when Republicans needed a replacement in 1880, Garfield ended up as their guy.
6
He won by a whisker.
7
Back then, the Republicans were split into two factions.
8
Stalwarts operated big political machines that relied on the favors they could accumulate by doling out federal jobs.
9
Moderates favored civil service reform, meaning federal hires would be made mostly on merit.
10
Hayes had been a moderate, and Garfield picked up where he left off.
11
He fought powerful stalwart senators and asserted his right to hire whoever he wanted.
12
A few months into his term, the era of personal favors turning into political jobs seemed to be ending.
13
And then it went horribly wrong.
14
Charles Guiteau, a mentally unstable man who wanted a federal job, stalked and shot Garfield in the back, claiming he was a hero of the Stalwarts.
15
Garfield hung on for a few months, but 19th century medicine wasn't so great.
16
He was dead after just six months on the job.
17
The second shortest presidency ever.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B1 级别的口语课以视频“James A. Garfield”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：Garfield, stalwart, Hayes, federal。 这段视频共有 17 个句子、225 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 1:09。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 196 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 71% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| moderate 形容词 | /ˈmɑdəɹət/ | 適中 /适中 |
| accumulate 动词 | /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/ | 積累 /积累 |
| assassinate 动词 | /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/ | 刺殺 /刺杀, 暗殺 /暗杀 |
| stalwart 形容词 | /ˈstɔːl.wət/ | 魁梧 |
| whisker 名词 | /ʍɪskə(ɹ)/ | 感覺毛 /感觉毛, 鬍鬚 /胡须 |
| assert 动词 | /əˈsɝt/ | 断定 |
| faction 名词 | /ˈfæk.ʃən/ | 幫派 /帮派, 派別 /派别 |
| predecessor 名词 | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/ | 前任, 前任者 |
| beard 名词 | /bɪɹd/ | хўзы, 喙鬚 /喙须 |
| merit 名词 | /ˈmɛɹɪt/ | 功勞 /功劳, 功績 /功绩 |
| presidency 名词 | /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ | 主席席位 |
| politician 名词 | /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/ | 政治家, 從政者 /从政者 |
| beloved 形容词 | /bɪˈlʌvd/ | 親愛的 /亲爱的, 心愛的 /心爱的 |
| mentally 副词 | /ˈmɛntəli/ | 心理上, 精神上 |
| rely 动词 | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | 依賴 /依赖, 依靠 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| end up 动词 | 到达 |
| pick up 动词 | 拾取, 撿 /捡 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | was assassinated · were split · would be made |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | man who wanted |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: faction /ˈfæk.ʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: accumulate /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/, assassinate /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/, predecessor /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/, presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: moderate /ˈmɑdəɹət/, accumulate /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/, assassinate /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/, stalwart /ˈstɔːl.wət/, assert /əˈsɝt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: horribly /ˈhɔɹəbli/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: assassinate /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/, faction /ˈfæk.ʃən/, sadly /ˈsædli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 moderate, accumulate, assassinate 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。