跟读练习: Understanding Disabilities (for students) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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What do you think of when you hear the word disability?
2
Wheelchairs?
3
Seeing eye dogs?
4
Sign language?
5
Do you think about invisible disabilities?
6
Learning disabilities such as dyslexia?
7
Mental health conditions like bipolar disorder?
8
Or chronic illnesses like diabetes?
9
These are all correct thoughts.
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It's important to understand that there are many different types of disabilities.
11
Some Some can be seen and some cannot.
12
It is also essential to understand that societal stereotypes about disabilities can cause barriers to success for a person with a disability.
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Remember that there is a person who is using a wheelchair to get around, a person who is using their seeing -eye dog to navigate the world,
14
a person who is using sign language to communicate.
15
Many of us have been taught that a disability is a limitation and that all people with disabilities want to be cured.
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We might think that it is the person with a disability who is responsible for making lifestyle changes, and not that it is the world around us that needs to change.
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But is any of this true?
18
Meet Lily.
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Lily uses a wheelchair.
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She rides the bus every day to get to work, but sometimes the lift is broken and she's late.
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When Lily goes grocery shopping, she has to ask people to help her reach things on the top shelves.
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Whenever her friends want to go out to dinner, she needs to call ahead to make sure the building has a wheelchair ramp at the entrance
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and that the bathroom is accessible.
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Lily recently decided that she wants to move in with her boyfriend, but his building doesn't have an elevator.
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Lily experiences obstacles because our world was not built for, and often does not consider the needs of, people with disabilities.
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This raises a number of questions.
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Is Lily the problem, or should all buses have working lifts?
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Should all grocery stores make sure that their customers can easily shop for what they need?
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Should all restaurants be wheelchair accessible and all buildings have elevators?
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More and more people with disabilities, like Lily, are speaking up about their experiences.
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They, along with disability advocates, are challenging stereotypes and smashing stigma.
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They're loudly and proudly advocating for the world to be more inclusive
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and taking action so that people with disabilities can live free from discrimination.
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Having a disability does not make you less than.
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Disability is diversity.
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And diversity is beautiful.
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Even if we can't always see it, people with disabilities are all around us.
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And all of us have a responsibility to make the world more accessible, safe, and equal for people living with disabilities.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Understanding Disabilities”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：disabilities, Lily, disability, wheelchair, accessible。 这段视频共有 38 个句子、442 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:40。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 166 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。 全部 38 个句子中有 12 个是问句，适合练习疑问语调和简短回答。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| disability 名词 | /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/ | 殘廢 /残废, 殘疾 /残疾 |
| wheelchair 名词 | /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/ | 輪椅 /轮椅 |
| diversity 名词 | /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ | 多樣性 /多样性, 變化 /变化 |
| illness 名词 | /ˈɪl.nəs/ | 疾病, 病症 |
| entrance 名词 | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | 入口, 門口 /门口 |
| cure 动词 | /kjɔː/ | 治療 /治疗 |
| discrimination 名词 | /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ | 區別 /区别 |
| disorder 名词 | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | 混亂 /混乱, 紊亂 /紊乱 |
| lifestyle 名词 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | 生活方式, 生態 /生态 |
| chronic 形容词 | /ˈkɹɑ.nɪk/ | 慢性 |
| diabetes 名词 | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | 糖尿病 |
| barrier 名词 | /ˈbæɹi.ə/ | 障, 柵欄 /栅栏 |
| invisible 形容词 | /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ | 無形 /无形, 隱形 /隐形 |
| smash 动词 | /smæʃ/ | 粉碎 |
| shelf 名词 | /ʃɛlf/ | 架子 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | can be seen · have been taught · is broken |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | person who is |
| 用 “should” 提建议 should + 动词 — 表示应该做的事 | should all |
| 现在进行时 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在发生的事 | is using · are speaking |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, doesn't, they're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: discrimination /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/, smash /smæʃ/, shelf /ʃɛlf/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: disability /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/, accessible /əkˈsɛs.ɪ.bəl/, diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/, elevator /ˈɛləˌveɪtɚ/, discrimination /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/, advocate /ˈæd.və.kət/, elevator /ˈɛləˌveɪtɚ/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: advocate /ˈæd.və.kət/, illness /ˈɪl.nəs/, entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/, chronic /ˈkɹɑ.nɪk/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/, proudly /ˈpɹaʊdli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 disability, wheelchair, diversity 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。