第 78 课 · 第 6 阶段: 动词句型
“it takes … to”
中级“It takes … to”
构成与用法
it takes + 时间/精力 + to 动词 — 某事需要什么
1.形式
It takes + 时间 / 精力 + to + 动词 表示做某事需要多少时间或精力。it 是形式主语；只有 take 随时态变化（take – took – taken）。
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| It takes + 时间 + to + 动词 | It takes ten minutes to walk there. |
| It takes + 人 + 时间 + to + 动词 | It takes me ten minutes to walk there. |
| It takes + 时间 + for + 人 / 物 + to + 动词 | It took a week for my ankle to heal. |
| It takes + 精力 / 品质 + to + 动词 | It takes courage to say no. |
| How long does it take (+ 人) + to + 动词? | How long does it take you to get to work? |
学习者常常用 lose 或 spend 搭配 it。以 it 作主语时，表示所需时间的动词永远是 take：It took me two hours to fix the printer。以人作主语时，用 spend + -ing：I spent two hours fixing it。
2.用法
1. 做某事所需的时间
It takes about two hours to get from Hanoi to Hai Phong by bus.
从河内坐大巴到海防大约要两个小时。
It took me three years to learn to drive.
我花了三年才学会开车。
It only takes a minute to sign up.
注册只需要一分钟。
2. 问需要多长时间：How long does / did / will it take…?
How long does it take to boil an egg? — About seven minutes.
煮一个鸡蛋要多长时间？——大约七分钟。
How long did it take you to get your driving licence?
你考驾照花了多长时间？
简略回答：It takes about an hour. / Not long. / Ages!（很久很久）/ It depends on the traffic.
3. 需要的精力、品质或东西：It takes + practice / patience / courage / money…
It takes a lot of practice to play the guitar well.
要把吉他弹好需要大量练习。
It takes courage to speak in front of a big crowd.
在一大群人面前讲话需要勇气。
4. 需要时间的是别人或别的东西：for + 人 / 物 + to + 动词
It took six weeks for my visa to arrive.
我的签证过了六个星期才下来。
It took ages for the bus to come.
公交车等了好久才来。
也可以把这项活动作主语：The journey takes six hours. / Getting a visa took us six weeks. 人也可以作主语：She took ages to reply.
3.take 的不同时态
| 时态 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 一般现在时——通常、一般情况 | It takes me an hour to cook dinner. |
| 一般过去时——已经结束 | It took me an hour to cook dinner yesterday. |
| 现在完成时——到现在为止 | It has taken us three months to save half the money. |
| 将来时——预测 | It will take them a month to build the bridge. |
| would——假设 | It would take forever to walk there. |
| 进行时——仍在进行 | It's taking ages to download. |
时间已经结束时，用一般过去时，不用进行时：It took me five years to finish my degree.
4.take、spend、last、need
| 动词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| take | 主语是 it 或这项活动；所需时间 + to + 动词 | It takes me two hours to clean the house. |
| spend | 主语是人；spend + 时间 + -ing | I spend two hours cleaning the house. |
| last | 某个活动持续多长时间（不接 to + 动词） | The film lasts two hours. |
| need | 主语是人；需要时间 | I need two hours to finish this. |
It took me two days to paint my room. = I spent two days painting my room.
我花了两天时间粉刷我的房间。
5.常见错误
It takes me thirty minutes for walking to school.It takes me thirty minutes to walk to school.
it takes + 时间 + to + 动词。
It spends me two hours to do my homework.It takes me two hours to do my homework.
spend 要以人作主语：I spend two hours doing…
It take me an hour to cook dinner.It takes me an hour to cook dinner.
it → takes（加 -s）。
It took to me two weeks to get over the flu.It took me two weeks to get over the flu.
人前面不加 to。
It has took me two years to save for this bike.It has taken me two years to save for this bike.
take 的过去分词是 taken。
It needs two hours to drive from Hanoi to Ninh Binh.It takes two hours to drive from Hanoi to Ninh Binh.
it + to + 动词的句型要用 take。
例句
- It takes about two hours to get from Hanoi to Hai Phong by bus.
- It took us ten minutes to find a parking space.
- It takes about an hour to bake this cake.
- It will take them a month to build the new bridge.
