レッスン78 · ステージ6: 動詞のパターン
「it takes … to」
中級“It takes … to”
形と使い方
it takes + 時間・労力 + to 動詞 — 何かに必要なもの
1.形
It takes + 時間 / 労力 + to + 動詞 は、何かにどれだけの時間や労力が必要かを表します。It は形式主語で、時制によって変わるのは take だけです（take – took – taken）。
| 形 | 例 |
|---|---|
| It takes + 時間 + to + 動詞 | It takes ten minutes to walk there. |
| It takes + 人 + 時間 + to + 動詞 | It takes me ten minutes to walk there. |
| It takes + 時間 + for + 人 / 物 + to + 動詞 | It took a week for my ankle to heal. |
| It takes + 労力 / 資質 + to + 動詞 | It takes courage to say no. |
| How long does it take (+ 人) + to + 動詞? | How long does it take you to get to work? |
it といっしょに lose や spend を使ってしまうことがよくあります。it が主語のとき、必要な時間を表す動詞は必ず take です：It took me two hours to fix the printer. 人が主語なら spend + -ing を使います：I spent two hours fixing it.
2.使い方
1. 何かをするのに必要な時間
It takes about two hours to get from Hanoi to Hai Phong by bus.
ハノイからハイフォンまでバスで2時間くらいかかります。
It took me three years to learn to drive.
運転を覚えるのに3年かかりました。
It only takes a minute to sign up.
登録はたった1分でできます。
2. どれくらいかかるかをたずねる：How long does / did / will it take…?
How long does it take to boil an egg? — About seven minutes.
卵をゆでるのにどれくらいかかりますか？ — 7分くらいです。
How long did it take you to get your driving licence?
運転免許を取るのにどれくらいかかりましたか？
短い答え方：It takes about an hour. / Not long. / Ages!（すごく長い時間）/ It depends on the traffic.
3. 必要な労力・資質・もの：It takes + practice / patience / courage / money…
It takes a lot of practice to play the guitar well.
ギターを上手に弾くには、たくさん練習が必要です。
It takes courage to speak in front of a big crowd.
大勢の前で話すには勇気がいります。
4. ほかの人や物に時間がかかるとき：for + 人 / 物 + to + 動詞
It took six weeks for my visa to arrive.
ビザが届くまでに6週間かかりました。
It took ages for the bus to come.
バスが来るまでにものすごく時間がかかりました。
活動そのものを主語にすることもできます：The journey takes six hours. / Getting a visa took us six weeks. 人を主語にすることもできます：She took ages to reply.
3.いろいろな時制の take
| 時制 | 例 |
|---|---|
| 現在形 — ふだんのこと、一般的なこと | It takes me an hour to cook dinner. |
| 過去形 — 終わったこと | It took me an hour to cook dinner yesterday. |
| 現在完了 — 今までのこと | It has taken us three months to save half the money. |
| 未来 — 予測 | It will take them a month to build the bridge. |
| would — 仮定 | It would take forever to walk there. |
| 進行形 — まだ続いている | It's taking ages to download. |
時間が終わったことには、進行形ではなく過去形を使います：It took me five years to finish my degree.
4.take, spend, last, need
| 動詞 | 使い方 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| take | 主語は it か活動。必要な時間 + to + 動詞 | It takes me two hours to clean the house. |
| spend | 人が主語。spend + 時間 + -ing | I spend two hours cleaning the house. |
| last | 出来事がどれくらい続くか（to + 動詞は続かない） | The film lasts two hours. |
| need | 人が主語。時間が必要 | I need two hours to finish this. |
It took me two days to paint my room. = I spent two days painting my room.
部屋のペンキ塗りに2日かかりました。
5.よくある間違い
It takes me thirty minutes for walking to school.It takes me thirty minutes to walk to school.
It takes + 時間 + to + 動詞です。
It spends me two hours to do my homework.It takes me two hours to do my homework.
spend は人が主語です：I spend two hours doing…
It take me an hour to cook dinner.It takes me an hour to cook dinner.
It → takes（-s をつける）。
It took to me two weeks to get over the flu.It took me two weeks to get over the flu.
人の前に to はつけません。
It has took me two years to save for this bike.It has taken me two years to save for this bike.
take の過去分詞は taken です。
It needs two hours to drive from Hanoi to Ninh Binh.It takes two hours to drive from Hanoi to Ninh Binh.
it + to + 動詞の形では take を使います。
例文
- It takes about two hours to get from Hanoi to Hai Phong by bus.
- It took us ten minutes to find a parking space.
- It takes about an hour to bake this cake.
- It will take them a month to build the new bridge.
