تدريب Shadowing: Evaluation of Obesity Studies | Dr. Wendy Bennett - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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Hello, my name is Wendy Bennett
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and I'm an associate professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the School of Public Health.
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Obesity is an enormous public health problem and it affects both children and adults.
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Many of our traditional interventions have focused on the individual's health behaviors like diet and physical activity.
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So the motivation of this project was to understand what are the methods
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that researchers are using in these natural experiment studies on obesity
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so that we can improve our understanding of the types of data sources we're using,
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the data linkages, and the different methods and analytic approaches being used.
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Of the 264 studies we identified,
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53 % of those were natural experiment studies and these again were studies where researchers did not have control over the intervention.
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Most of the studies that we found were conducted in children and in the school setting.
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All of the natural experiment studies used a population -based data source
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and most of them used national level data or state level data.
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Fewer studies had access to looking at community level data.
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Increasingly we find that studies that are assessing physical activity are using accelerometers
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or other types of wearable devices to assess how active people are.
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In the natural experiment studies,
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the most common analytic approach was a cross -sectional comparison where the researchers compared those
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that were exposed to the policy or program
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or built environment change versus those that were not exposed to that change or program or policy.
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So we found that natural experiment studies had overall a high -risk bias,
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and this was mostly due to high losses to follow -up in their studies, as well as high risks of confounding.
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For researchers, we identified several areas where we think that researchers can improve the types of data sources we're using,
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the way we're linking data, and increase the frequency of linking data sources together.
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Policymakers are going to want to use natural experiments
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and evaluations like them to understand whether their policies and programs are effective in reducing obesity as well as preventing obesity.
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Obesity research, this would be very helpful to understand quickly
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which are the studies that are high quality and which are the most effective strategies to reduce obesity and prevent obesity.
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All of this data that we're pulling together can be helpful in future studies
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when we're trying to understand what is most effective in our neighborhoods and communities to impact obesity.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Evaluation of Obesity Studies”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: studies, obesity, experiment, natural, researchers. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 30 جملة و414 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 3:00. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 138 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 85% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
obesity اسم/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/سِمْنَة, بَدَانَة
experiment اسم/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/تَجْرِبَة, اِخْتِبَار
researcher اسم/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/بَاحِث, بَاحِثَة
helpful صفة/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/نَافِع, مُفِيد
intervention اسم/ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/تَدَخُّل, تَطَفُّل
assess فعل/əˈsɛs/يُقَدِّر
compare فعل/kəmˈpɛɚ/قَارَنَ
frequency اسم/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/تَرَدُّد
versus/ˈvɝsəs/فِي مُقَابِل, ضِِدَّ
fewer/ˈfjuː.ɚ/أَقَلّ
enormous صفة/ɪˈnɔː.məs/ضَخْم, هَائِل
motivation اسم/ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/دَافِع
evaluation اسم/ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/تَقْيِيم, تَقْدِير
bias اسم/ˈbaɪ.əs/تَحَيُّز
policymaker اسمصَانِعُ سِيَاسَة

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 6 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل we're, I'm. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, sectional /ˈsɛkʃənəl/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل obesity, experiment, researcher.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →