跟读练习: Evaluation of Obesity Studies | Dr. Wendy Bennett - 通过视频学习英语口语
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30 句
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Hello, my name is Wendy Bennett
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and I'm an associate professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the School of Public Health.
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Obesity is an enormous public health problem and it affects both children and adults.
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Many of our traditional interventions have focused on the individual's health behaviors like diet and physical activity.
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So the motivation of this project was to understand what are the methods
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that researchers are using in these natural experiment studies on obesity
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so that we can improve our understanding of the types of data sources we're using,
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the data linkages, and the different methods and analytic approaches being used.
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Of the 264 studies we identified,
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53 % of those were natural experiment studies and these again were studies where researchers did not have control over the intervention.
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Most of the studies that we found were conducted in children and in the school setting.
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All of the natural experiment studies used a population -based data source
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and most of them used national level data or state level data.
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Fewer studies had access to looking at community level data.
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Increasingly we find that studies that are assessing physical activity are using accelerometers
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or other types of wearable devices to assess how active people are.
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In the natural experiment studies,
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the most common analytic approach was a cross -sectional comparison where the researchers compared those
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that were exposed to the policy or program
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or built environment change versus those that were not exposed to that change or program or policy.
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So we found that natural experiment studies had overall a high -risk bias,
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and this was mostly due to high losses to follow -up in their studies, as well as high risks of confounding.
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For researchers, we identified several areas where we think that researchers can improve the types of data sources we're using,
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the way we're linking data, and increase the frequency of linking data sources together.
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Policymakers are going to want to use natural experiments
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and evaluations like them to understand whether their policies and programs are effective in reducing obesity as well as preventing obesity.
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Obesity research, this would be very helpful to understand quickly
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which are the studies that are high quality and which are the most effective strategies to reduce obesity and prevent obesity.
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All of this data that we're pulling together can be helpful in future studies
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when we're trying to understand what is most effective in our neighborhoods and communities to impact obesity.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Evaluation of Obesity Studies”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：studies, obesity, experiment, natural, researchers。 这段视频共有 30 个句子、414 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:00。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 138 个词，很适合跟读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| obesity 名词 | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | 肥胖, 肥胖症 |
| experiment 名词 | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | 實驗 /实验 |
| researcher 名词 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 研究員 /研究员, 研究者 |
| helpful 形容词 | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | 有幫助 /有帮助 |
| intervention 名词 | /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ | 介入, 干預 |
| expose 动词 | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | 揭露, 暴露 |
| compare 动词 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比, 比較 /比较 |
| associate 名词 | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | 同行, 同事 |
| frequency 名词 | /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/ | 頻率 /频率, 頻度 /频度 |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | 對 /对 |
| fewer | /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ | 較少 /较少, 更少 |
| enormous 形容词 | /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ | 巨大的 |
| motivation 名词 | /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/ | 動機 /动机, 推動力 /推动力 |
| evaluation 名词 | /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/ | 評價 /评价 |
| bias 名词 | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | 偏見 /偏见 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 6 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, sectional /ˈsɛkʃənəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, assess /əˈsɛs/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: accelerometer /ækˌsɛl.əˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/, wearable /wɛə̯ɹəbl̩/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 obesity, experiment, researcher 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。