Pratica di Shadowing: Evaluation of Obesity Studies | Dr. Wendy Bennett - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Hello, my name is Wendy Bennett
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and I'm an associate professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the School of Public Health.
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Obesity is an enormous public health problem and it affects both children and adults.
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Many of our traditional interventions have focused on the individual's health behaviors like diet and physical activity.
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So the motivation of this project was to understand what are the methods
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that researchers are using in these natural experiment studies on obesity
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so that we can improve our understanding of the types of data sources we're using,
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the data linkages, and the different methods and analytic approaches being used.
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Of the 264 studies we identified,
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53 % of those were natural experiment studies and these again were studies where researchers did not have control over the intervention.
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Most of the studies that we found were conducted in children and in the school setting.
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All of the natural experiment studies used a population -based data source
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and most of them used national level data or state level data.
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Fewer studies had access to looking at community level data.
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Increasingly we find that studies that are assessing physical activity are using accelerometers
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or other types of wearable devices to assess how active people are.
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In the natural experiment studies,
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the most common analytic approach was a cross -sectional comparison where the researchers compared those
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that were exposed to the policy or program
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or built environment change versus those that were not exposed to that change or program or policy.
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So we found that natural experiment studies had overall a high -risk bias,
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and this was mostly due to high losses to follow -up in their studies, as well as high risks of confounding.
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For researchers, we identified several areas where we think that researchers can improve the types of data sources we're using,
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the way we're linking data, and increase the frequency of linking data sources together.
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Policymakers are going to want to use natural experiments
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and evaluations like them to understand whether their policies and programs are effective in reducing obesity as well as preventing obesity.
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Obesity research, this would be very helpful to understand quickly
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which are the studies that are high quality and which are the most effective strategies to reduce obesity and prevent obesity.
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All of this data that we're pulling together can be helpful in future studies
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when we're trying to understand what is most effective in our neighborhoods and communities to impact obesity.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Evaluation of Obesity Studies”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: studies, obesity, experiment, natural, researchers. Questo video contiene 30 frasi e 414 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:00. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 138 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
obesity sostantivo/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/obesità
experiment sostantivo/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/esperimento
researcher sostantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ricercatore, ricercatrice
helpful aggettivo/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/disponibile, utile
intervention sostantivo/ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/intervento
assess verbo/əˈsɛs/valutare, stimare
expose verbo/ɪkˈspoʊz/esporre, evidenziare
compare verbo/kəmˈpɛɚ/paragonare
increasingly avverbiosempre più, man a mano
frequency sostantivo/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/frequenza
versus/ˈvɝsəs/contro
fewer/ˈfjuː.ɚ/meno
enormous aggettivo/ɪˈnɔː.məs/enorme, grandissimo
motivation sostantivo/ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/motivazione
evaluation sostantivo/ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/valutazione

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 6 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, I'm. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, sectional /ˈsɛkʃənəl/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, assess /əˈsɛs/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/
  • /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, analytic /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/, accelerometer /ækˌsɛl.əˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come obesity, experiment, researcher.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →