Shadowing Practice: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Las palabras que más se repiten: brain, reading, words, Chinese, natural. Este vídeo tiene 78 frases y 862 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:56. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 145 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| dedicate verbo | /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ | dedicar |
| intricate adjetivo | /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/ | intrincado, intricado |
| inevitably adverbio | /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/ | inevitablemente, indefectiblemente |
| symbol sustantivo | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | símbolo |
| worksheet sustantivo | hoja de trabajo | |
| remembrance sustantivo | /ɹɪˈmɛm.bɹəns/ | recuerdo, recordatorio |
| alphabet sustantivo | /ˈæl.fəˌbɛt/ | alfabeto, abecedario |
| beautifully adverbio | /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/ | bellamente |
| involve verbo | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | involucrar |
| auditory adjetivo | /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | auditivo |
| neuroscientist sustantivo | neurocientífico, neurocientífica | |
| bilingual adjetivo | /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ | bilingüe |
| connectivity sustantivo | conectividad | |
| amazingly adverbio | /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ | asombrosamente |
| transcript sustantivo | /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/ | transcripción |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | were born · is written · are designed |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | haven't evolved · hasn't learned · you've learned |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — lo más alto o lo más bajo de un grupo | The longest |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 20 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, I'm, isn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, activation /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, auditory /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, quiz /kwɪz/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como dedicate, intricate, inevitably.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.