Prática de Shadowing: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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Por que praticar a conversação com este vídeo?
Este vídeo sobre como a leitura molda nosso cérebro oferece uma rica oportunidade para praticar a conversação em inglês. Ao escutar e repetir as falas dos apresentadores Bekah e Georgie, você pode desenvolver suas habilidades de shadow speech, um método eficaz que envolve imitar a pronúncia, entonação e ritmo dos falantes nativos. Através da prática de shadowing em inglês, os alunos não apenas melhoram sua fluência, mas também adquirem novas expressões e aumentam seu vocabulário. A discussão sobre como a leitura impacta a neurociência é uma excelente maneira de aprender novo vocabulário acadêmico e técnico, que pode ser usado em conversas mais complexas.
Gramática & Expressões em Contexto
O vídeo apresenta algumas estruturas gramaticais e expressões que são valiosas para alunos de inglês:
- “It isn’t natural at all”: Esta estrutura usa a negação para enfatizar um ponto de vista. Praticar negativas é essencial para se expressar com clareza.
- “We co-opt parts of the brain”: O uso de “co-opt” mostra como linguagens acadêmicas podem ser introduzidas em discussões cotidianas. Aprender verbos como esse ajuda a ampliar seu vocabulário.
- “When we read deeply”: A expressão “read deeply” destaca a profundidade de leitura como vital para a compreensão. Usar adjetivos para intensificar suas declarações é uma habilidade importante na conversação.
Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia
A pronúncia correta é crucial ao falar em inglês. Neste vídeo, algumas palavras e expressões podem ser desafiadoras:
- “Reading”: O som /r/ pode ser difícil para falantes não nativos. Pratique a pronúncia deste som, focando em como a língua se posiciona.
- “Neuroscience”: Esta palavra complexa pode ser pronunciada incorretamente. Divida-a em sílabas: neu-ro-sci-ence, praticando cada parte antes de juntar tudo.
- “Evolutionary”: Preste atenção ao som /ʃ/ em “evolutionary”, já que ele pode ser confundido com outros sons próximos. A prática de shadowing pode ajudar a fixar essa pronunciacão.
Utilize recursos de prática de conversação em inglês e faça uso do shadowspeaks para aprimorar sua fala. Ao integrar esses pontos na sua rotina de estudo, você se torna mais confiante nas suas habilidades linguísticas em inglês.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were born · is written · are designed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | hasn't had · haven't evolved · hasn't learned |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — o maior ou o menor de um grupo | The longest |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.