Shadowing Practice: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: brain, reading, words, Chinese, natural. Deze video bevat 78 zinnen en 862 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:56. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 145 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| dedicate werkwoord | /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ | inwijden, wijden |
| intricate bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/ | ingewikkeld, gecompliceerd |
| inevitably bijwoord | /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/ | onvermijdelijk |
| symbol zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | symbool |
| remembrance zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈmɛm.bɹəns/ | herinneren, geheugensteun |
| alphabet zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæl.fəˌbɛt/ | ABC, alfabet |
| beautifully bijwoord | /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/ | mooi |
| auditory bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | auditief |
| bilingual bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ | tweetalig |
| amazingly bijwoord | /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ | geweldig |
| activate werkwoord | /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ | activeren, aanzetten |
| psychologist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psycholoog, psychologe |
| evolve werkwoord | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | ontwikkelen |
| vocabulary zelfstandig naamwoord | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | woordenschat, vocabulaire |
| quiz zelfstandig naamwoord | /kwɪz/ | kwis, quiz |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | were born · is written · are designed |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | haven't evolved · hasn't learned · you've learned |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| Overtreffende trap the -est / the most … — het hoogste of laagste van een groep | The longest |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 20 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, I'm, isn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, activation /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, auditory /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, quiz /kwɪz/, cord /ˈkoɹd/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: alphabet /ˈæl.fəˌbɛt/, transcript /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/, goodbye /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als dedicate, intricate, inevitably.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.