Shadowing Practice: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: brain, reading, words, Chinese, natural. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 78 cümle ve 862 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:56 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 145 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %83’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| intricate sıfat | /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/ | ince işçilik |
| inevitably zarf | /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/ | ister istemez |
| symbol isim | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | simge, sembol |
| remembrance isim | /ɹɪˈmɛm.bɹəns/ | anma, zikir |
| alphabet isim | /ˈæl.fəˌbɛt/ | alfabe, abece |
| activate fiil | /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ | etkinleştirmek |
| pathway isim | /ˈpæθˌweɪ/ | patika, yolak |
| psychologist isim | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psikolog |
| vocabulary isim | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | kelime hazinesi, kelime kadrosu |
| quiz isim | /kwɪz/ | bilgi yarışması |
| activation isim | /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/ | aktivasyon |
| translate fiil | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | tercüme etmek, terceme |
| vocal sıfat | /ˈvoʊ̯.kəl/ | vokal |
| scientist isim | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | âlim, âlime |
| requirement isim | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | gereklilik, zaruret |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | were born · is written · are designed |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | haven't evolved · hasn't learned · you've learned |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| En üstünlük the -est / the most … — bir grubun en üstü ya da en altı | The longest |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, I'm, isn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 20 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, activation /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, auditory /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, quiz /kwɪz/, requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, transcript /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/, quiz /kwɪz/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: alphabet /ˈæl.fəˌbɛt/, transcript /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; intricate, inevitably, symbol gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.