シャドーイング練習: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
2
I'm Bekah.
3
And I'm Georgie.
4
Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
5
Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
6
Hmm, I don't read often.
7
I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
8
How about yourself?
9
I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
10
I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
11
And today we're talking all about reading.
12
We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
13
And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
14
Let's start with a quiz question.
15
The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
16
A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
17
But how many words does the book contain?
18
Is it A, 130 ,000?
19
1 .3 million or C 13 million.
20
Okay the longest novel in the world.
21
I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
22
All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
23
Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
24
We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
25
It's natural.
26
If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
27
But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
28
we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
29
But it isn't.
30
It isn't natural at all.
31
Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
32
but not with the pathways we need to read.
33
Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
34
From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
35
And so to build a reading brain network,
36
we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
37
Reading is really a whole brain process.
38
It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
39
The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
40
The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
41
When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
42
Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
43
Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
44
So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
45
Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
46
Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
47
that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
48
And the language we read also shapes our brain.
49
Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
50
Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
51
Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
52
The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
53
But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
54
Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
55
It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
56
which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
57
Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
58
A circuit is a system of connections.
59
inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
60
Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
61
Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
62
If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
63
And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
64
I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
65
I said 1 .3 million.
66
And you were correct!
67
Yay!
68
One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
69
Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
70
Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
71
If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
72
A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
73
Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
74
And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
75
That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
76
Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
77
Goodbye.
78
Bye.
✨ おすすめ動画
B11
201 文
Why Is Reading So Important? | Improve Your English Through Reading | English Learning Podcast
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
31 文
Psychology of People Who Don't Talk Much
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B121
7 文
Your Brain Isn’t Broken — It’s Just Overstimulated! 🧠 | English Reading and Listening Practice
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B12,110
7 文
Listen First, Speak Later 🎧 | How to Improve Naturally | English Reading and Listening Practice
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
169 文
The Male Reading Crisis
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
246 文
What Reading Out Loud Does to Your Brain
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
99 文
Why You Always Forget English Words (Science Explains)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B18
301 文
English Podcast for Learning English | How Culture Shapes Our Behaviour | English Leap Podcast
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
144 文
The Best Books to Learn ANY Language FAST
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
75 文
Video
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
723 文
How to Remember Everything || Graded Reader || Improve Your English || Listen And Practice
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
60 文
What reading ACTUALLY does to your brain
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
コンテキストとバックグラウンド
このポッドキャストでは、英語の読解が私たちの脳に与える影響について深く掘り下げています。スピーカーのベッカとジョージは、読書が脳にどのように作用するのか、専門家の意見を交えながら詳しく解説しています。読書は単なる情報収集の手段を超え、私たちの思考や神経の構造にまで影響を及ぼすことが科学的に示されています。この情報は、英語を学ぶ過程でも非常に重要です。
日常コミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- これは自然なことですか？ (Is it natural?)
- 読むことの力は本質的です。 (The power of reading is fundamental.)
- 私たちの脳は進化していません。 (Our brains haven't evolved.)
- 異なる脳の領域を活性化させます。 (Activates different areas of the brain.)
- 全ての脳のプロセスを含みます。 (Involves activation in all brain processes.)
ステップバイステップシャドーイングガイド
英語を習得するためにシャドーイングは非常に効果的な手法です。以下の手順で、このポッドキャストをシャドーイングしてみましょう。
- リスニング。 最初に、ポッドキャスト全体を聴いて、内容を把握します。
- パートごとの区切り。 ポッドキャストを数回に分けて聴き、各セクションの意味を理解します。
- 書き起こし。 聴いた内容をテキストとして書き起こし、重要なフレーズや単語をピックアップします。これにより、英語シャドーイングの際の参考になります。
- シャドーイング。 音声に合わせて声に出して読んでみましょう。最初はゆっくりとした速度で、徐々に速くすることを意識します。
- 反復練習。 同じセクションを何度も繰り返し練習します。これにより、リスニング能力とスピーキング能力が向上します。
さらに、IELTS スピーキング対策としてもこの方法は有効です。シャドーイングによって、発音やリズム感が向上し、流暢に話す力がつきます。
読書の重要性を理解することで、あなたの英語力も大いに向上します。このポッドキャストを通じて、新しい語彙やフレーズを身につけ、英語しゃどーイングの技術を磨いていきましょう！
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were born · is written · are designed |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | haven't evolved · hasn't learned · you've learned |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| 最上級 the -est / the most … — グループの中で一番 | The longest |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。