쉐도잉 연습: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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이 수업에 대하여
이번 수업에서는 독서가 뇌에 미치는 영향에 대해 탐구합니다. 뇌가 읽기를 배우는 과정에서 어떻게 변화하는지, 그리고 이로 인해 우리가 어떻게 더 나은 학습자가 될 수 있는지를 알아볼 것입니다. 뇌의 기능과 독서의 관계에 대한 깊이 있는 논의를 통해 유익한 어휘와 표현을 연습할 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 유튜브 영어 공부를 더 효과적으로 할 수 있습니다.
주요 어휘 및 표현
- 자연적인 (natural) - 태어날 때부터 가지고 있는 것.
- 전용된 (dedicated) - 특정 목적을 위해 설계된.
- 접목하다 (co-opt) - 다른 용도로 쓰는 것.
- 뇌 구조 (brain structure) - 뇌의 형태와 구성.
- 심층 독서 (deep reading) - 텍스트를 깊이 있게 읽는 것.
- 지각 처리 (sensory processing) - 시각과 청각 정보를 처리하는 과정.
- 연결성 (connectivity) - 뇌의 여러 부분이 어떻게 연결되어 있는지.
연습 팁
이번 영상의 내용을 익히기 위해 shadow speak를 추천합니다. 영상 속 속도에 맞춰 따라 말해 보세요. 천천히 말하면서 정확하게 발음하는 것이 중요합니다. 또한, 비디오의 어조와 감정을 모방해 보세요. 이렇게 하면 shadow speech가 더욱 효과적이 됩니다. 특히, 독서와 관련된 부분에서 뇌가 '어떻게 작용하는지'에 관한 내용을 말할 때는 감정을 담아 말하는 것이 좋습니다. 이를 통해 IELTS 스피킹이나 영어 회화 연습에 도움을 받을 수 있습니다. 전체 내용을 반복하며 연습하면, 뇌가 이 새로운 정보에 익숙해질 것이고, 더 나아가 유창한 영어 구사 능력이 향상될 것입니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | were born · is written · are designed |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | haven't evolved · hasn't learned · you've learned |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| 최상급 the -est / the most … — 집단에서 가장 높거나 낮은 것 | The longest |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.