تدريب Shadowing: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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السياق والخلفية
في هذه الحلقة من برنامج "6 دقائق باللغة الإنجليزية" من بي بي سي، يتحدث المتحدثون عن أهمية القراءة وكيف تؤثر على عقولنا. كل من بكيه وجورجي يتناولان تجاربهما الشخصية مع القراءة، حيث تعبر الأحاديث عن التحديات والوقت المخصص للقراءة في الحياة اليومية. الحديث يشمل أيضًا نظرة علمية حول كيف تكون القراءة عملية معقدة تتطلب استخدام أجزاء متعددة من الدماغ، مما يثبت أنها ليست طبيعية فحسب، بل تتطلب تكوين مناطق جديدة في الدماغ.
أهم 5 عبارات للتواصل اليومي
- "أحب القراءة قبل النوم لأنها تساعدني على الاسترخاء."
- "القراءة تغير من هياكل الدماغ."
- "ليس لدينا دماغ مخصص للقراءة."
- "العمليات المعقدة تشمل جميع فصوص القشرة الدماغية."
- "تعلم الرموز الصينية ينشط مناطق مختلفة من الدماغ."
دليل خطوة بخطوة لطريقة التظليل
لتطوير مهاراتك في اللغة الإنجليزية من خلال استراتيجية طريقة التظليل في الإنجليزية، يمكنك اتباع الخطوات التالية:
- استمع بتركيز: ابدأ بالاستماع إلى الفيديو أو البرنامج الصوتي. حاول فهم المحتوى العام والأفكار التي يتم طرحها.
- تكرار العبارات: بمجرد أن تشعر بالراحة مع المحتوى، قم بتكرار العبارات التي سمعتها. استخدم تقنية shadowspeak، حيث تحاكي ما يسمعه أذناك في الوقت نفسه.
- تحليل النطق: استمع مجددًا وتوقف عند العبارات الصعبة. ركز على تحسين النطق باللغة الإنجليزية واختر كلمات محددة لتحسين نطقها.
- الممارسة اليومية: خصص وقتًا يوميًا لممارسة قراءة نصوص مشابهة. يمكنك استخدام العبارات من الفيديو كمرجع.
- التقييم الذاتي: سجل نفسك أثناء القراءة أو التحدث، ثم قارن ذلك بنماذج الصوت الأصلية. هذا سيساعدك على تحديد مجالات التحسن.
باستخدام هذه الطريقة، ستتمكن من تعزيز قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية ومهارات النطق لديك، مما ينمي ثقتك بنفسك أثناء استخدام اللغة في التواصل اليومي.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | were born · is written · are designed |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | haven't evolved · hasn't learned · you've learned |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| صيغة التفضيل the -est / the most … — الأعلى أو الأدنى في مجموعة | The longest |
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.