跟读练习: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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背景与上下文
在这期的6分钟英语节目中，主持人贝卡和乔治讨论了阅读如何塑造大脑。阅读被视为一种复杂的认知过程，科学研究表明，我们的大脑并未进化出专门的阅读区域，而是依赖其他脑区来帮助我们理解书面语言。这种跨区域的协作不仅改变了我们的阅读能力，还可能影响我们的思维方式和感知。
日常交流的五个关键短语
- 并不是自然的 (isn't natural) - 用于描述某事物并非与生俱来。
- 大脑结构 (brain structure) - 讨论脑部各部分如何影响我们的能力与思维。
- 深度阅读 (deep reading) - 指埋头深入阅读，这对我们的认知能力有深远影响。
- 共用 (co-opt) - 描述把其他功能的脑区纳入帮助阅读的过程。
- 阅读脑网络 (reading brain network) - 指那些参与阅读过程的大脑区域。
逐步影子跟读指南
为了有效地提高您的英语口语能力，您可以尝试使用阅读相关的影子跟读技巧。以下是逐步的指南，帮助您在观看视频或听播客时提升英语口语：
- 选择合适的材料：找一段您感兴趣且难度适中的播客或视频，例如BBC的英语学习节目。
- 观看并理解内容：先观看一次并尽量理解整体内容，确保您了解上下文及主要观点。
- 慢速跟读：在播放视频或音频时，暂停并模仿每一句话的语调和节奏。注意语音、语调及重音。
- 反复练习：多次重复每个句子，直至您能够流畅跟读。可以使用 shadowspeaks 方法，让声音与您同步。
- 加入日常练习：将这种影子跟读练习融入您的日常学习中，形成习惯，有助于提升您的英语口语练习效果。
通过这些方式，您不仅能够提高您的英语口语能力，还能更深入地理解阅读对大脑的影响，进而更好地利用“看YouTube学英语”的资源。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | were born · is written · are designed |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | hasn't had · haven't evolved · hasn't learned |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | someone who hasn · man who could · something which has |
| 最高级 the -est / the most … — 一组中最高或最低的 | The longest |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。