Pratica di Shadowing: Podcast 11 | How reading shapes your brain - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Creazione lezione...
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Now, Becca, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust.
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A book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130 ,000?
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1 .3 million or C 13 million.
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Okay the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many so I'm going to go with B 1 .3 million.
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All right we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it, and then we learn.
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It's natural.
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If something is natural, it's something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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But Marianne Wolfe, author of the book Reader Come Home, says that this isn't true.
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we think of language as natural and Reading is written language, so it must be natural.
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But it isn't.
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It isn't natural at all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds,
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but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network,
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we co -opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So, because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read, we co -opt other parts of the brain.
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Co -opt here means to include someone their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain
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that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet -based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Worf explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary Ann says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words,
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I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1 .3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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Okay, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co -opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learned with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish .com.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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Perché praticare la conversazione con questo video?

Questo video del podcast BBC Learning English offre una panoramica affascinante su come la lettura influisca sul nostro cervello. È una risorsa eccellente per chiunque desideri imparare l'inglese con youtube. La conversazione inizia con un'interessante domanda sul tempo dedicato alla lettura, permettendo così di sviluppare abilità di ascolto e di risposta. Uniremo la pratica di conversazione in inglese con riflessioni su temi scientifici, stimolando il pensiero critico e l'argomentazione. Praticare parlando di argomenti stimolanti non solo migliora la fluidità, ma permette anche di esplorare nuovi vocaboli e concetti legati alla lettura e al suo impatto sul cervello.

Grammatica ed Espressioni nel Contesto

  • “Does it help me relax?” - Qui vediamo l'uso della forma interrogativa per esprimere opinioni personali, utile per sviluppare la capacità di porre domande durante la conversazione.
  • “This isn't true.” - La negazione con 'isn't' è una costruzione fondamentale per esprimere disaccordo o correggere un'affermazione, che è cruciale nella pratica di conversazione.
  • “Our brains haven't evolved...” - L'uso del present perfect è essenziale per discutere cambiamenti nel passato con ripercussioni nel presente, una struttura che arricchisce il discorso.
  • “Reading alters everything...” - L'impiego del presente semplice in frasi generali evidenzia fatti e verità universali, utile per discutere idee e argomenti di largo respiro.

Trappole di Pronuncia Comuni

Nel video, vi sono alcune parole e frasi che possono risultare difficili da pronunciare. Ad esempio, il termine “evolutionary” potrebbe creare confusione per i parlanti non nativi, soprattutto per l'accento e il ritmo. Altre parole come “processing” e “connectivity” richiedono attenzione, poiché la loro pronuncia deve essere chiara per una corretta comprensione. Durante la pratica, sarebbe utile utilizzare tecniche come shadowing in inglese, dove si ripete ciò che si ascolta, per migliorare l'accento e l'intonazione. Inoltre, è importante identificare le trappole di pronuncia e lavorare su di esse per migliorare le proprie capacità oratorie in contesti di shadow speech.

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

StrutturaNel video
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fawere born · is written · are designed
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adessohasn't had · haven't evolved · hasn't learned
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosasomeone who hasn · man who could · something which has
Superlativi the -est / the most … — il massimo o il minimo di un gruppoThe longest

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →