Shadowing Practice: Walls and Moats Won't Save You. Innovation Will. - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1453. An army approaches Constantinople.
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If you're inside the walls of Constantinople, you probably feel okay, because after all, those walls had stood for more than a thousand years.
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There's a literal moat that goes around the city.
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Once you get past the moat, you get to two sets of walls, each 18 feet thick.
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Those walls were impenetrable before.
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Saltpeter, sulfur, charcoal, Three ingredients that, when combined in the right way, created gunpowder.
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First identified in about 142.
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1 ,300 years later, a mysterious figure named Orban appears.
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He goes to the people inside the walls, the Byzantine Empire, and says, I can sell you something that will protect your city.
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The Byzantine Empire passes.
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Orban goes to the Ottoman Empire that is seeking to sack the city and makes the same proposition they say yes.
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Imagine how it felt.
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Walls
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that had stood for a thousand years faced the onslaught of a half -ton cannonball flung over the distance of a mile.
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The wall shattered.
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The city fell in 47 days.
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Disruption changes everything.
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The question you have to ask in modern times is what is the moat
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that we have that we built yesterday that might protect us today but will be powerless against the disruptions in the future.
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Why is it that market leaders pass on disruptive innovations?
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Well, when you first see a disruptive innovation, it looks really different.
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It looks unfamiliar and therefore it's pretty easy to discount it.
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If you're inside walls that had stood for a thousand years and you see this unproven cannon present in front of you,
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you don't fully understand it.
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You don't fully see its use.
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You're used to horses.
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You're used to cavalry.
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You're used to arrows.
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Those are things that had worked for a very long period of time.
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It's only once you see the full demonstration of the power of the disruption that you really, truly get it.
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Why historically have disruptive innovations tended to start with upstarts?
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Well, Bob Dylan put it pretty well, when you ain't got nothing, you got nothing to lose.
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A market leader sees downside.
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They see risks.
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They see threats.
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Somebody who is an upstart sees nothing but gain and possibility.
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So therefore, it's pretty natural that an upstart will go and gravitate to following a new disruptive approach.
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And the research shows that's a smart thing to do.
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If you try to take on the incumbent in a battle
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that they are used to playing and you try to do it better, they're going to beat you most of the time.
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Clay Christensen called that a sustaining innovation battle.
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If you try to take them on with a very different form of battle, you've got a much greater chance of winning.
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So it's natural that if you don't go and counteract these forces, the upstart's going to see it and jump all over it.
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The incumbent's going to hesitate and pause.
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When you look at a new innovation, it always feels like there's risk involved.
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So you have to make a decision.
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Am I going to put a dollar, euro, rupee, whatever, into this innovation or that innovation?
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One of the big challenges a market leader has is a comparison.
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Should I spend that unit of resource making today better or should I spend it making tomorrow different?
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If you're a company that's got nothing, you only think about what do I do that's going to have the maximum impact.
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You look for the most exciting things, the things with the most potential.
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Your resources naturally allocate towards the disruption.
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This is the rational part of the innovator's dilemma.
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Left unchecked, the resource allocation process inside an organization will direct everything to the known,
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to the proven, to the things that appear to be safe, not recognizing that you're actually taking a risk by not taking a risk,
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by leaving yourself susceptible to somebody who comes at you with a disruptive innovation.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Walls and Moats Won't Save You. Innovation Will”. Las palabras que más se repiten: innovation, walls, disruptive, disruption, risk. Este vídeo tiene 51 frases y 656 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:12. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 156 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 82 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| innovation sustantivo | /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ | innovación |
| disruption sustantivo | /dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/ | quebranto, incidente |
| resource sustantivo | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | recurso |
| naturally adverbio | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | naturalmente, a natura |
| thick adjetivo | /θɪk/ | grueso, espeso |
| discount sustantivo | /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ | descuento, rebaja |
| clay sustantivo | /kleɪ/ | arcilla, barro |
| mysterious adjetivo | /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ | misterioso |
| arrow sustantivo | /ˈæɹəʊ/ | flecha, saeta |
| combine verbo | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | combinar, juntar |
| canon sustantivo | /ˈkæn.ən/ | canon |
| euro sustantivo | /ˈjʊɹoʊ/ | euro |
| historically adverbio | /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/ | históricamente |
| demonstration sustantivo | /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/ | demostración, demonstración |
| rational adjetivo | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | racional |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| get past verbo | pasar desapercibido |
| go around verbo | cundir |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 13 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, don't, ain't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, disruption /dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, disruptive /dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/, gravitate /ˈɡɹævɪteɪt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, pause /pɔːz/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/, hesitate /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, hesitate /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como innovation, disruption, resource.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.