Pratique du Shadowing: 1st place Egg Drop project ideas- using SCIENCE - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

- So my favorite class in high school was physics.

It opened my eyes to the fact that we can understand and predict so much of the everyday world around us using math and equations.

So today I wanna revisit the classic high school physics egg drop competition, where you have to build some sort of contraption around an egg to make sure it doesn't crack when it hits the ground.

Originally I wanted to do a bunch of research and testing to find the single best way to win the competition every time.

But what I found out was that each competition sort of has different rules.

In some, you're not allowed to use popcorn or parachutes, and in others, you win if your contraption is the smallest, or the lightest, or both.

So I'm gonna show you five super easy options and then we'll talk about why each one works.

Let's go crack some eggs.

Okay, so let's start with the popcorn ball.

The basic principle is that you put your egg in the middle of a box that contains some kind of cushioning materials, such as bubble wrap, or packing peanuts, or popcorn.

Personally, I think this one is the most boring, but it works.

And that's why every shipping company ever ships this way.

I'm using a ball here because it's more weight-efficient than a box, where you have unnecessary cushioning in the corners.

Plus the stretchiness of the ball will help absorb some of the energy.

The moment of truth. And we have an intact egg.

Now, before I show you the other four ideas, let's talk about the science behind landing with an uncracked egg.

So at the start of your drop, your egg is up high and it's stationary.

So it has potential energy, which is the energy associated with height.

So these red blocks represent the potential energy.

And the higher I go, the more blocks of energy I start with.

And then as the egg falls, that potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, which is the energy of speed.

So you start up high and every single block is over here as potential energy.

But as you start to fall, and fall faster and faster, every single block comes over here as kinetic energy, or speed.

And now your egg is about to impact the ground and has all this energy in the form of speed that's got to go somewhere.

Now this broom represents the standing energy that holds an eggshell together and makes it hard.

So the way to think about this is when your egg hits the ground, if you introduce more energy than the binding energy of the molecule holding the hard eggshell together at any point, you're going to break at that point.

So the question then becomes, what can we do to keep our blocks below the broom?

Because, simply put, below the broom, your egg is safe.

Anything above the broom and your egg is busted.

Well, there's two things we can do.

The first is that we can make this pile of green blocks not as tall.

This is why no matter what your contraption is to protect the egg, if your rules allow it, you should make a parachute.

The bigger, the better.

And it does not have to be fancy.

This is like old school army guy style.

Just cut up a trash bag, little bit of string, little bit of tape.

And just looking at this, you can see the difference a parachute could make.

So the second thing you could do is not to remove any green blocks by reducing your speed, but to spread them out.

So if we say left to right is our time axis, the more we could stretch out this impact event, the more we can lower that high energy spike.

And this is a cool way to think about any two objects impacting.

The longer the duration of the impact, the more you can spread out that force so stuff doesn't break.

So for example, this is the point of car airbags.

Instead of your head hitting the steering wheel and stopping near instantaneously, it stretches out the impact force over time so you don't get a quick spike that exceeds the broom line for your skull.

This is exactly why long jumpers prefer to land in sand and not on asphalt, and why parkour runners will always roll after a big jump.

It's all about diffusing the force over a longer period of time.

So what does that mean for our egg contraptions?

It's really just something to keep in mind, because it can make it more intuitive, for example, to see why putting your egg in the middle of a jar of peanut butter, which is a popular, and not a very good idea, isn't as good as putting your egg in the middle of a popcorn ball.

Okay, back to the bridge.

So a lot of people like to build contraptions outta straws.

And in some competitions, that's all you have to work with.

How you configure your straws depends a little bit on how stiff they are.

The good folks at Wendy's have fairly stiff straws, which means I didn't have to use quite as many.

So my idea was to take six, like three-inch long straws, and build a regular triangular pyramid, and then put the egg in the middle.

And then I took two of the Wendy's straws and joined them together to sort of make a mega straw.

And I used this wide tape to help prevent it from buckling.

And then I made six of those mega straws and simply taped one to each edge of the pyramid.

So the main point here is that there are no straws pointing directly at the egg.

When it impacts the ground, the force goes up the stiffest path through the straw.

I saw a ton of examples online where the straw was actually pointed at the egg, which would create a puncture load.

In our case, we have this pyramid, so all the loads pass next to the egg, so you don't get that primary impact.

Three, two, one.

So you'll notice, we've got a couple of broken pieces, but that's okay because it took energy to make those breaks and that served to protect the shell of the egg from receiving that energy.

So, success.

Okay, so our egg finally broke.

But it took about 20 tries.

And you can see there's a lot of busted straws here.

All in all, it was pretty resilient. Yah!

So this one is a throwback to my NASA roots.

In 2004, the MER rovers landed on Mars using giant airbags.

And even though Mars has one-third the gravity of Earth, I figured it would still work.

I started by cushioning the egg in four little balloons that I barely filled up.

And then I blew up bigger balloons and then just tied it all together with some string and tape.

And then if there's any gaps in coverage, you can just tape a balloon directly to the string you just tied around.

In addition to the balloons extending the impact time, this design benefits from a large cross-sectional area relative to its weight.

So in a sense, it becomes its own parachute.

Of course, if your rules allow it, you should still throw an additional parachute on it anyways.

- Touchdown confirmed. We're safe on Mars.

- In 2012, we landed another rover on Mars called Curiosity.

But this one was too big to use airbags, so we had to have a power descent, pretty much like a jet pack.

So I wanted to pay tribute to Curiosity since I got to work on it for seven years.

And at first, I was thinking like model rockets, but without gyroscopes and control algorithms, things could get pretty unsafe pretty quickly.

So I thought of this idea where I used balloons that could deflate and then they would provide upward thrust before landing.

But it, no. And as ridiculous as this might seem, it's actually not a violation for most rules because you're not touching it once you've released it.

The fact is most competitions are using rules that were written before you could go on Amazon and buy a toy drone for less than 50 bucks.

Intact egg.

I've saved this one for last since I've never seen anyone do it, and it's probably my favorite in terms of its simplicity.

You wanna buy a few more balloons than you need and then just pop 'em, until you get to the point where you're just under neutrally buoyant.

And you can see at the bottom, I've just got this little protector of the egg.

You don't have to get fancy, but I use those little animal balloons and it seems to work pretty good.

This one weighs in at a couple ounces.

So it is a strong option if your competition favors lighter contraptions.

So which one is the best?

Again, it sort of depends on the rules of your competition.

In some cases, being smallest gets you the most points.

So I'm thinking, "Airwolf" all the way.

If being lightweight is the most important, then go with the helium up house method.

And if your egg just needs to survive, then you can pick any one of these.

But the most important part is to have fun and experiment and learn something, and then to dominate your competition.

Yeah, you guys are good. No, it's all right. It's all right.

100

And now you're on YouTube! Thanks for watching.

101

If you learned something or if you didn't learn something, or if you're a mammal, then you should subscribe.

102

Is your blood warm? You got a four-chambered heart?

103

Welcome aboard.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 103 phrases et 1649 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:42. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 170 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots moins courants de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

straw /stɹɔ/ (nom) — paille, fétu. A dried stalk of a cereal plant.
balloon /bəˈlun/ (nom) — ballon. An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible.
parachute /ˈpæɹəʃut/ (nom) — parachute. A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float…
popcorn /ˈpɑp.kɔɹn/ (nom) — popcorn, maïs soufflé. A snack food made from corn or maize kernels popped by dry heating.
string /stɹɪŋ/ (nom) — corde. A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together.
stiff /stɪf/ (adjectif) — rigide, raide. Rigid; hard to bend; inflexible.
pyramid /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/ (nom) — pyramide. An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as…
cushion /ˈkʊʃən/ (nom) — coussin. A soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag, used for comfort or support.
crack /kɹæk/ (nom) — fissure. A thin and usually jagged space opened in a previously solid material.
physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ (nom) — physique. The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.
stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ (verbe) — étirer, étendre. To lengthen by pulling.
depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (verbe) — dépendre. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
bust /bʌst/ (verbe) — bouziller, niquer. To break.
intact /ɪnˈtækt/ (adjectif) — intact. Left complete or whole; not touched, defiled, sullied, or otherwise damaged.
spike /spaɪk/ (nom) — clou, pointe. A sort of very large nail.

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

think about /ˈθɪŋk əˌbaʊt/ (verbe) — penser à, réfléchir à. To ponder.
blow up (verbe) — faire sauter. To explode or be destroyed by explosion.
come over (verbe) — venir. To affect in a sudden, unprecedented or surprising manner; to overwhelm a person's ordinarily contrary impulse.
fill up (verbe) — remplir. To make (something) completely full.
find out (verbe) — découvrir, savoir. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
go on /ˈɡoʊˌɒn/ (verbe) — continuer. To continue in extent.
go up (verbe) — monter, s'élever. To move upwards.
look at (verbe) — regarder. To observe or watch.

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 29 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, don't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, thrust /θɹʌst/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: parachute /ˈpæɹəʃut/, cushion /ˈkʊʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, trash /tɹæʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, unnecessary /ʌnˈnɛs.əˌsɛɹ.i/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme straw, balloon, parachute.

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is converted · is busted · was actually pointed
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose	energy, which is · butter, which is · straws, which means
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	you've released · I've saved

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Prononciation à surveiller

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?