Shadowing Practice: Why can’t prices just stay the same? - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
107 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Inflation is causing stress.
2
Bad news about prices in the grocery store.
3
Historically high inflation.
4
In 2022, much of the world experienced a period of uncommonly high inflation, with the US, UK and Eurozone all peaking at around 10%,
5
meaning that prices on average were a full 10% higher than one year before.
6
Though that's probably not a surprise to anyone watching this.
7
It's thankfully now closer to the normal range, if still a bit high.
8
But infuriatingly, since this chart just shows a rate of change, that doesn't mean that prices are down, just that they've stopped climbing as fast.
9
And that really sucks.
10
Consumers are stressed, businesses are suffering and governments are scrambling.
11
But at the same time, if you were to, I don't know, find yourself reading and watching a ton of inflation related content, you'll also keep hearing this.
12
A little inflation is a good thing.
13
A little inflation is a good thing.
14
A little inflation now would be a good thing.
15
Everybody wants a little inflation.
16
Why?
17
If rising prices hurt seemingly everyone, why can't they just stay the same?
18
Why can't inflation be zero?
19
The first reason inflation can't stay at zero is because governments and their central banks don't want it to.
20
Lots of countries actively pursue what is called an inflation target.
21
In the US right now, it's about 2%.
22
That's the number that's used by most central banks across the world.
23
But the truth of it is, that's a pretty arbitrary number.
24
The goal is what economists consider a virtuous cycle.
25
Here's what that looks like.
26
In times when prices are generally rising, people tend to expect them to rise further.
27
And that actually encourages people to spend money now on big, durable purchases like cars or appliances, in order to avoid having to pay more for the same thing later.
28
And the stuff we need to buy no matter what, goods like food or clothing, gets more expensive too, which requires us to spend more.
29
Either way, companies make more money.
30
Which means more people have jobs and more of their own money to spend.
31
And that means more demand and therefore higher prices.
32
So the cycle continues.
33
But this bit of the cycle is crucial to its virtue.
34
It's okay if prices rise so long as wages rise too.
35
still be able to afford the same goods if your wages keep pace with inflation.
36
Emphasis on the if.
37
In the U.S., for two years, wage growth lagged behind inflation.
38
That trend has reversed starting in mid-2023.
39
Wages, especially at the bottom, have kept up with inflation.
40
In fact, in many cases, surpassed inflation.
41
And that is a good thing.
42
That also we have to remember, wages in this country are rock bottom and have been for way, way too long, right?
43
So wage growth rising, good?
44
Are wages high enough?
45
No.
46
And a disruption at any point in this loop can lead
47
to the kind of high inflation we've experienced over the past few years,
48
when supply chain interruptions created product shortages and some companies artificially drove up prices to increase their profits, which along with some other causes,
49
effectively turned this virtuous cycle into a vicious one.
50
With Digital Credit Union, you'll get a world of financial possibilities, starting with their award-winning primary savings account and a zero-fee checking account
51
that could help you get your paycheck up to two days early.
52
Like all credit unions, DCU is a not-for-profit, which says its primary focus is to serve their members, unlike banks, which primarily serve their shareholders.
53
From community give-back initiatives to innovative products and services, their mission adheres to these three principles.
54
People come first, do the right thing, and make a difference.
55
DCU does not influence the editorial process of our videos, but they do help make videos like this possible.
56
The government does have tools to combat rising inflation.
57
They usually shift things here by raising interest rates, which makes all borrowing, including credit cards and bank loans, more expensive.
58
When the cost of borrowing goes up, it becomes more expensive to make investments, to hire people, and that eventually slows the economy down.
59
what the U.S.
60
Federal Reserve did in 2022, which did help bring inflation closer to that 2% target,
61
while placing an even higher financial strain on families who may need to borrow just to make ends meet.
62
When the Fed uses interest rates to bring down inflation, what they're doing is tamping down that demand, right?
63
They're telling people, you can't have a job.
64
Like, let's put you out of work so that demand slows, that, you know, price growth slows.
65
The Fed raises interest rates to slow down spending across the economy, partly by signaling to markets that they're taking the problem seriously, which creates an expectation that inflation will fall.
66
But we also have to talk about what happens when prices fall instead of rise.
67
That's called deflation.
68
And falling prices honestly sounds pretty good.
69
But they can also introduce another kind of cycle.
70
A deflationary spiral.
71
When prices fall, consumers may hold off on making big purchases, hoping for even lower prices in the future.
72
And the stuff we need costs less.
73
So we just spend less in general.
74
If people are spending less, companies make less.
75
They start to cut costs.
76
And ultimately they lay off employees.
77
Unemployed people spend less, and even the people who are employed might choose to save more to stave off financial loss.
78
So prices go down even further as demand goes down.
79
So ultimately all of that adds up to slower economic growth as a whole.
80
Which is really hard to fix because governments don't have the same ability to respond to deflation as they do to inflation.
81
Look at this chart again.
82
The last time inflation dipped below 2% in spring of 2020, the US brought interest rates all the way down to 0.05%.
83
And after bottoming out for a bit, that seemed to work.
84
Inflation inched back up.
85
But if inflation hadn't come back up, the government would have had limited options.
86
Their rates were already getting almost out zero.
87
And then things could get dicey.
88
Historically, periods of true deflation are pretty rare.
89
But when they do happen, it seems that fixing them requires a pretty serious shock to the economy.
90
The Great Depression was in part a deflationary spiral, solved only by the outbreak of World War II when the government supercharged spending and employment.
91
And Japan is finally emerging from decades of chronic deflation.
92
But that's thanks, in no small part, to the high inflation that most of the world battled over the last few years.
93
You don't want to rely on those kinds of things.
94
If inflation goes below zero, it is hard to fix.
95
The cost of deflation is really high and that's something that we want to avoid.
96
This is where inflation targets come in.
97
Let's look at this chart again.
98
These lines are pretty shaky because there are a lot of really complicated factors that affect inflation.
99
The macro economy is made up of the decisions of millions of people, of millions of businesses.
100
The way those decisions interact, I mean, try thinking about how to map everything out and it's just, it's mind blowing, right?
101
Inflation will always fluctuate, even if it's just a little.
102
And this is the last big reason why they don't want inflation to be 0%.
103
If inflation sits here, that basic shakiness is constantly at risk of dropping down into the deflation zone, triggering the bad cycle.
104
And the way to prevent that is to have it sit just a little bit higher. So...
105
A little inflation is usually a good thing.
106
Yeah.
107
That's annoying.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
C11
Why financial literacy education in the US sucks
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
How cruise ships got so big
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2Introducing Best of Luck with Kyla Scanlon
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Why no aquarium has a great white shark
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Inside the secret race to build artificial intelligence | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
Five things you need to know for the 2026 midterms | America, Actually
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
We’re already using AI more than we realize
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
The Ticketmaster monopoly is over, now what?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The biggest peach myth in America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B28
How to solve problems like a designer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The origin of the '80s aesthetic
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B217
Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
How F1 drivers survive their own cars
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
White, pink, and brown noise, explained #shorts
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B210
Why 350°F is the magic number for baking
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Why "pop-up" restaurants are everywhere now
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
How did pink become a girly color?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
Why China's population is shrinking
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
B23
258 משפטים
The Inflation Problem... It's Worse Than You Think
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
230 משפטים
English Podcast - Can money really buy happiness? | Intermediate
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
134 משפטים
Marco Rubio on Iran War, Soaring Gas Prices, AI, Media Ban, More
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
167 משפטים
Why Living In Australia Is Impossible
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
158 משפטים
Bonds Were Supposed to Crash the Market. Why Haven’t They?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B224 משפטים
Why Prices Won't Stop Rising? Inflation Explained
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
97 משפטים
What They Don't Want You To Know About Rent Control
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
132 משפטים
Food waste is the world's dumbest problem
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
268 משפטים
Trump’s Canada Tariffs Are Backfiring in Red States | The Week
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
469 משפטים
Inside The Crisis Facing U.S. Auto Giants
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
92 משפטים
US Running Out of Emergency Oil - The SPR Hits 40-Year Low
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
51 משפטים
Great Moments in Unintended Consequences: Yosemite Permits, Italy Superbonus, Salary Caps (Vol. 22)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Why can’t prices just stay the same?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: inflation, price, wage, deflation, cycle. בסרטון הזה יש 107 משפטים ו-1296 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:23. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-176 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
13 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| inflation שם עצם | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | אִינְפְלַצְיָה |
| scramble פועל | /ˈskɹæmbl̩/ | טָרַף |
| shareholder שם עצם | /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/ | בַּעַל מְנָיוֹת |
| arbitrary שם תואר | /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/ | שרירותי, שרירותית |
| emerge פועל | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | צץ, התגלה |
| unemployed שם תואר | /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ | מובטל |
| shortage שם עצם | /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/ | מַחְסוֹר |
| virtue שם עצם | /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/ | מַעֲלָה, מַעֲלַת טֻכֹּות |
| distress שם עצם | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | מוּעָקָה |
| borrow פועל | /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ | שָׁאַל |
| innovative שם תואר | /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/ | חדשני |
| editorial שם עצם | /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/ | מאמר מערכת |
| emphasis שם עצם | /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ | דָּגֵשׁ |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| go down פועל | ירד |
| back up פועל | נָסוֹג |
| go up פועל | עָלָה |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- Why can't inflation be zero?
- They're telling people, you can't have a job.
- Let's look at this chart again.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | they've stopped · has reversed · have kept |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is called · are employed · is made |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | rates, which makes · people who are |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-18 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, can't, they're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, deflation /dɪˈfleɪʃən/, deflationary /dəˈfleɪ.ʃənˌɛɹ.i/, interruption /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/, shareholder /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: deflationary /dəˈfleɪ.ʃənˌɛɹ.i/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, interruption /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, arbitrary /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, scramble /ˈskɹæmbl̩/, surpass /sɚˈpæs/, adhere /ædˈhɪə/, lag /læɡ/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: deflationary /dəˈfleɪ.ʃənˌɛɹ.i/, borrowing /ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, interruption /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/
- /ŋ/ בסוף מילה — צליל אפי בלי “ג” בסוף: borrowing /ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/, fixing /ˈfɪksɪŋ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו inflation, scramble, shareholder.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.