शैडोइंग अभ्यास: CAE TEST3 PART2 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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Part 2.

You'll hear a short radio report about how technology is helping

archaeologists who want to learn more about some texts written over 2 ,000 years ago known as Roman tablets.

For questions 7 to 14, complete the sentences.

You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2.

Thank you.

At the time of the Roman Empire in Europe, around 2000 years ago, it was common for information to be written not on paper, but on things called tablets.

These were pieces of wood about the size and thickness of a typical modern envelope.

Hundreds of such tablets have been unearthed from archaeological sites throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world.

Nearly 200 were found in one Roman fort alone.

And like most of these discoveries, they have been placed in public collections, mainly in museums in northern Europe,

to be viewed, but not, unfortunately, to be read.

This is because, although in some cases traces of writing can still be seen, most are now illegible to the naked eye.

But that's all soon to change, because archaeologists hope that with the help of new technology, their secrets may soon be revealed.

Many of the tablets took the form of legal documents and letters written by Roman soldiers.

An example, now at the British Museum, bears the name of the person who wrote it and the name of the person who received it,

plus the word transportation, which you can just make out.

But the rest remains a mystery.

Now, with the help of computer techniques, experts hope eventually to be able to read the whole letter.

Professor Mike Brady, a leading figure in what's known as computer vision for many years, admits that this is the hardest project he's ever worked on.

But the excitement of seeing the latest ideas in computing applied to such a very ancient problem has the archaeological community buzzing.

So, in simple terms, why has the writing been preserved?

And how will it be possible to undo the ageing process?

Well, the tablets were made with thin, hollow panels cut across them.

Wax was poured into these, and the text was then written into this soft surface, using an instrument with a fine metal point.

In virtually all cases, the wax has perished, and all that can be detected on the surface of the tablet underneath are scratches.

These are too faint to be read, because they are distorted.

For some time, scientists have attempted to study them with laser photography, but this has proved fruitless.

However, it is now hoped that by enhancing images of the tablets on computer, their original messages will become legible again.

If this is the case, a whole new source of historical information will be opened up, and this promises advances and new knowledge for many decades to come.

The new technology has already been used on texts in ink as well, and in the future it will be applied to damaged surfaces of many kinds.

Now you'll hear the recording again.

At the time of the Roman Empire in Europe, around 2 ,000 years ago, it was common for information to be written not on paper, but on things called tablets.

These were pieces of wood about the size and thickness of a typical modern envelope.

Hundreds of such tablets have been unearthed from archaeological sites throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world.

Nearly 200 were found in one Roman fort alone

and like most of these discoveries they have been placed in

public collections mainly in museums in northern Europe to be viewed

but not unfortunately to be read this is

because although in some cases traces of writing can still be seen most are now illegible to the naked eye

But that's all soon to change, because archaeologists hope that with the help of new technology, their secrets may soon be revealed.

Many of the tablets took the form of legal documents and letters written by Roman soldiers.

An example, now at the British Museum, bears the name of the person who wrote it and the name of the person who received it,

plus the word transportation, which you can just make out.

But the rest remains a mystery.

Now, with the help of computer techniques, experts hope eventually to be able to read the whole letter.

Professor Mike Brady, a leading figure in what's known as computer vision for many years, admits that this is the hardest project he's ever worked on.

But the excitement of seeing the latest ideas in computing applied to such a very ancient problem has the archaeological community buzzing.

So, in simple terms, why has the writing been preserved?

And how will it be possible to undo the ageing process?

Well, the tablets were made with thin, hollow panels cut across them.

Wax was poured into these, and the text was then written into this soft surface, using an instrument with a fine metal point.

In virtually all cases, the wax has perished, and all that can be detected on the surface of the tablet underneath are scratches.

These are too faint to be read, because they are distorted.

For some time, scientists have attempted to study them with laser photography, but this has proved fruitless.

However, it is now hoped that by enhancing images of the tablets on computer, their original messages will become legible again.

If this is the case, a whole new source of historical information will be opened up, and this promises advances and new knowledge for many decades to come.

The new technology has already been used on texts in ink as well, and in the future it will be applied to damaged surfaces of many kinds.

That's the end of part two.

Now turn to part three.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “CAE TEST3 PART2” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: tablet, Roman, written, surface, computer। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 60 वाक्य और 952 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 7:02 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 135 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 85% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 9 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्द	उच्चारण	अर्थ
archaeological विशेषण		पुरातात्विक
archaeologist संज्ञा	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	पुरातत्वज्ञ
fruitless विशेषण	/ˈfɹuːtləs/	फलहीन
perish क्रिया	/ˈpɛɹɪʃ/	नाश, नष्ट
undo क्रिया	/ʌnˈduː/	उधेड़ना
thickness संज्ञा	/ˈθɪknəs/	मोटाई
faint विशेषण	/feɪnt/	शक्तिहीन, मंद
envelope संज्ञा	/ˈɛnvə(ˌ)loʊp/	लिफ़ाफ़ा, लिफाफा
hollow विशेषण	/ˈhɑloʊ/	खोखला

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	have been unearthed · have been placed · has perished
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	be written · have been unearthed · were found
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	person who wrote

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

“th” की ध्वनियाँ: unearth /ʌnˈɜː(ɹ)θ/, thickness /ˈθɪknəs/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, illegible /ɪˈlɛd͡ʒəbəl/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

/æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: tablet /ˈtæblət/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर archaeological, archaeologist, fruitless जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

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इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?