쉐도잉 연습: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

Most Intro to Linguistics classes start with phonetics and phonology.

There are good reasons for that, it has everything we like.

Awkwardly trying to recreate sounds, silly recordings and vast charts of scary looking lettery things.

But probably the most important reason is that when we think about language, most of us probably first think about speaking.

That's just what we do naturally.

We produce a variety of sounds using our lips, tongue, mouth and some bits in our throat.

If you want to make a P sound for example, you close your lips and then release the air all at once.

If you want to make an M sound, you also close your lips and then you kind of hum, and so on.

This is what phonetics and phonology deal with.

Human speech sounds.

All the plops and hisses and trills we make to show other people what's going on in our heads.

It would be hard to get by without those.

Phonetics and phonology look at what sounds we make, how we make them and, at least phonology, looks at if there's a system behind that

or if we're just stringing random sounds together and in the end something comes out that makes a bit of sense.

But why do we need two disciplines to deal with that?

Well, because they approach the stuff really quite a bit differently.

Phonetics is very very precise.

It really matters if your A is a bit lower or higher, or if you push out lots of air with your P's and T's and D's or not,

and if you pronounce the T's in butter as T,

butter, D, butter, or just kind of tap your tongue against your gum ridge, butter.

Phonetics is interested in how we make sounds, how we hear those sounds, how we can describe them to deal with them empirically in a scholarly setting,

and how we can make those sounds visible in a way that's actually practical to write down in print.

on the other hand, doesn't sweat those little details very much.

It's not like a Londoner wouldn't understand butter, and vice versa.

Phonology says it's the same idea of a sound, they just say it a bit differently.

This may sound a bit silly, but think of the L sound for example.

English has two of those.

In words like law or light, where it's at the start, it sounds a bit different than in words like fall or ball.

Those sound much, much darker.

But you can't really mix them up because in English, light elves only come in the beginning of a syllable and dark ones at the end.

So phonologists say that because they can't come in the same spots, the difference doesn't matter.

They don't ever change the meaning of a word.

That is what phonology is interested in – systems.

Clearly the two L sounds don't make much of a difference.

Pan and can, though.

Those P and K sounds change whether you're frying something or drinking it.

A result is that in phonetics, what language you're investigating doesn't matter very much.

A B in Libyan Arabic is the same as a B in English.

But when you look at the systems, it's a different story.

In English, there's a p sound, and bin and pin are not quite the same thing really.

Arabic speakers mostly don't make a difference between those sounds, so their difference doesn't matter to a phonologist.

It's a bit like the elves in English.

You can see that it may be quite important to know whether someone is giving you a phonetic transcription of a word,

which is very precise, or a phonological one which only tells you what you need to know to figure out the rest.

That's why we use square brackets for phonetic transcriptions and slashers for phonological ones.

We also have different names for the sounds, depending on whether we are thinking about them phonetically or phonologically.

In phonetics we call them phones.

No, not that kind of phone.

In phonology we call them phonemes.

The difference between those is a story for another time though.

Let's have a quick recap of what we went over today.

Phonetics and phonology, those are both linguistic disciplines that are all about speech sounds.

Phonetics describes the sounds we actually make as precisely as possible, while phonology only looks at what really makes a difference in any one given language

and it tries to find the implications of that.

As a quick side note, there's also phonetics and phonology for sign languages, even though sign languages obviously don't have sounds in them.

For this series though we'll be dealing with oral languages only, but we may dive deeper into sign language linguistics at a later point.

✨ 추천 영상

124 문장

이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: sound, phonetic, phonology, language, difference. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 56개와 단어 802개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:41입니다. 화자는 분당 약 171단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 10개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
phonetics 명사	/fəˈnɛt.ɪks/	음성학, 어음학
phonology 명사	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	음운론, 어음학
linguistics 명사	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/	언어학
elf 명사	/ɛlf/	엘프, 요정
empirically 부사		경험적으로
phoneme 명사	/ˈfoʊ.nim/	음소, 표음
syllable 명사	/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/	음절
linguistic 형용사	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/	언어의
bracket 명사	/ˈbɹækɪt/	괄호
fry 동사	/fɹaɪ/	튀기다

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
come out 동사	/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/	나오다

주의할 발음

화자는 doesn't, don't, can't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 15번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: phonology /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, phonetically /fəˈnɛtɪkli/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: phonetics /fəˈnɛt.ɪks/, phonology /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, phonetic /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/, phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, phonetics, phonology, linguistics 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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