Pratica di Shadowing: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Most Intro to Linguistics classes start with phonetics and phonology.

There are good reasons for that, it has everything we like.

Awkwardly trying to recreate sounds, silly recordings and vast charts of scary looking lettery things.

But probably the most important reason is that when we think about language, most of us probably first think about speaking.

That's just what we do naturally.

We produce a variety of sounds using our lips, tongue, mouth and some bits in our throat.

If you want to make a P sound for example, you close your lips and then release the air all at once.

If you want to make an M sound, you also close your lips and then you kind of hum, and so on.

This is what phonetics and phonology deal with.

Human speech sounds.

All the plops and hisses and trills we make to show other people what's going on in our heads.

It would be hard to get by without those.

Phonetics and phonology look at what sounds we make, how we make them and, at least phonology, looks at if there's a system behind that

or if we're just stringing random sounds together and in the end something comes out that makes a bit of sense.

But why do we need two disciplines to deal with that?

Well, because they approach the stuff really quite a bit differently.

Phonetics is very very precise.

It really matters if your A is a bit lower or higher, or if you push out lots of air with your P's and T's and D's or not,

and if you pronounce the T's in butter as T,

butter, D, butter, or just kind of tap your tongue against your gum ridge, butter.

Phonetics is interested in how we make sounds, how we hear those sounds, how we can describe them to deal with them empirically in a scholarly setting,

and how we can make those sounds visible in a way that's actually practical to write down in print.

on the other hand, doesn't sweat those little details very much.

It's not like a Londoner wouldn't understand butter, and vice versa.

Phonology says it's the same idea of a sound, they just say it a bit differently.

This may sound a bit silly, but think of the L sound for example.

English has two of those.

In words like law or light, where it's at the start, it sounds a bit different than in words like fall or ball.

Those sound much, much darker.

But you can't really mix them up because in English, light elves only come in the beginning of a syllable and dark ones at the end.

So phonologists say that because they can't come in the same spots, the difference doesn't matter.

They don't ever change the meaning of a word.

That is what phonology is interested in – systems.

Clearly the two L sounds don't make much of a difference.

Pan and can, though.

Those P and K sounds change whether you're frying something or drinking it.

A result is that in phonetics, what language you're investigating doesn't matter very much.

A B in Libyan Arabic is the same as a B in English.

But when you look at the systems, it's a different story.

In English, there's a p sound, and bin and pin are not quite the same thing really.

Arabic speakers mostly don't make a difference between those sounds, so their difference doesn't matter to a phonologist.

It's a bit like the elves in English.

You can see that it may be quite important to know whether someone is giving you a phonetic transcription of a word,

which is very precise, or a phonological one which only tells you what you need to know to figure out the rest.

That's why we use square brackets for phonetic transcriptions and slashers for phonological ones.

We also have different names for the sounds, depending on whether we are thinking about them phonetically or phonologically.

In phonetics we call them phones.

No, not that kind of phone.

In phonology we call them phonemes.

The difference between those is a story for another time though.

Let's have a quick recap of what we went over today.

Phonetics and phonology, those are both linguistic disciplines that are all about speech sounds.

Phonetics describes the sounds we actually make as precisely as possible, while phonology only looks at what really makes a difference in any one given language

and it tries to find the implications of that.

As a quick side note, there's also phonetics and phonology for sign languages, even though sign languages obviously don't have sounds in them.

For this series though we'll be dealing with oral languages only, but we may dive deeper into sign language linguistics at a later point.

✨ Video consigliato

124 frasi

Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: sound, phonetic, phonology, language, difference. Questo video contiene 56 frasi e 802 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 4:41. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 171 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Solo il 80% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
phonetics sostantivo	/fəˈnɛt.ɪks/	fonetica
phonology sostantivo	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	fonologia
linguistics sostantivo	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/	linguistica
phonetic aggettivo	/fəˈnɛt.ɪk/	fonetico
phonological aggettivo	/ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/	fonologico
phonologist sostantivo	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/	fonologo, fonologa
elf sostantivo	/ɛlf/	elfo
empirically avverbio		empiricamente
phoneme sostantivo	/ˈfoʊ.nim/	fonema
phonetically avverbio	/fəˈnɛtɪkli/	foneticamente
phonologically avverbio		fonologicamente
syllable sostantivo	/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/	sillaba
implication sostantivo	/ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/	implicazione, risvolto
scholarly aggettivo	/skɒ.lə.li/	erudito
pronounce verbo	/pɹəˈnaʊns/	dichiarare

I phrasal verb che sentirai

Parola	Significato
figure out verbo	scoprire, rendersi conto

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 15 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come doesn't, don't, can't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

I suoni “sh” e “zh”: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: phonology /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, phonetically /fəˈnɛtɪkli/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: phonetics /fəˈnɛt.ɪks/, linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/, phonetic /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, elf /ɛlf/
/æ/ — più aperta della “e”: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come phonetics, phonology, linguistics.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →

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