Shadowing Practice: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - Learn English Speaking with Video

Most Intro to Linguistics classes start with phonetics and phonology.

There are good reasons for that, it has everything we like.

Awkwardly trying to recreate sounds, silly recordings and vast charts of scary looking lettery things.

But probably the most important reason is that when we think about language, most of us probably first think about speaking.

That's just what we do naturally.

We produce a variety of sounds using our lips, tongue, mouth and some bits in our throat.

If you want to make a P sound for example, you close your lips and then release the air all at once.

If you want to make an M sound, you also close your lips and then you kind of hum, and so on.

This is what phonetics and phonology deal with.

Human speech sounds.

All the plops and hisses and trills we make to show other people what's going on in our heads.

It would be hard to get by without those.

Phonetics and phonology look at what sounds we make, how we make them and, at least phonology, looks at if there's a system behind that

or if we're just stringing random sounds together and in the end something comes out that makes a bit of sense.

But why do we need two disciplines to deal with that?

Well, because they approach the stuff really quite a bit differently.

Phonetics is very very precise.

It really matters if your A is a bit lower or higher, or if you push out lots of air with your P's and T's and D's or not,

and if you pronounce the T's in butter as T,

butter, D, butter, or just kind of tap your tongue against your gum ridge, butter.

Phonetics is interested in how we make sounds, how we hear those sounds, how we can describe them to deal with them empirically in a scholarly setting,

and how we can make those sounds visible in a way that's actually practical to write down in print.

on the other hand, doesn't sweat those little details very much.

It's not like a Londoner wouldn't understand butter, and vice versa.

Phonology says it's the same idea of a sound, they just say it a bit differently.

This may sound a bit silly, but think of the L sound for example.

English has two of those.

In words like law or light, where it's at the start, it sounds a bit different than in words like fall or ball.

Those sound much, much darker.

But you can't really mix them up because in English, light elves only come in the beginning of a syllable and dark ones at the end.

So phonologists say that because they can't come in the same spots, the difference doesn't matter.

They don't ever change the meaning of a word.

That is what phonology is interested in – systems.

Clearly the two L sounds don't make much of a difference.

Pan and can, though.

Those P and K sounds change whether you're frying something or drinking it.

A result is that in phonetics, what language you're investigating doesn't matter very much.

A B in Libyan Arabic is the same as a B in English.

But when you look at the systems, it's a different story.

In English, there's a p sound, and bin and pin are not quite the same thing really.

Arabic speakers mostly don't make a difference between those sounds, so their difference doesn't matter to a phonologist.

It's a bit like the elves in English.

You can see that it may be quite important to know whether someone is giving you a phonetic transcription of a word,

which is very precise, or a phonological one which only tells you what you need to know to figure out the rest.

That's why we use square brackets for phonetic transcriptions and slashers for phonological ones.

We also have different names for the sounds, depending on whether we are thinking about them phonetically or phonologically.

In phonetics we call them phones.

No, not that kind of phone.

In phonology we call them phonemes.

The difference between those is a story for another time though.

Let's have a quick recap of what we went over today.

Phonetics and phonology, those are both linguistic disciplines that are all about speech sounds.

Phonetics describes the sounds we actually make as precisely as possible, while phonology only looks at what really makes a difference in any one given language

and it tries to find the implications of that.

As a quick side note, there's also phonetics and phonology for sign languages, even though sign languages obviously don't have sounds in them.

For this series though we'll be dealing with oral languages only, but we may dive deeper into sign language linguistics at a later point.

✨ Video Öner

124 cümleler

Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: sound, phonetic, phonology, language, difference. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 56 cümle ve 802 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:41 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 171 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 10 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

Kelime	Telaffuz	Anlam
phonetics isim	/fəˈnɛt.ɪks/	sesbilgisi, fonetik
phonology isim	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	fonoloji, sesbilim
linguistics isim	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/	dilbilim, dil bilimi
elf isim	/ɛlf/	elf
phoneme isim	/ˈfoʊ.nim/	sesbirim
phonetically zarf	/fəˈnɛtɪkli/	fonetik olarak
syllable isim	/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/	hece
linguistic sıfat	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/	dil bilimi
bracket isim	/ˈbɹækɪt/	ayraç, parantez
fry fiil	/fɹaɪ/	kızartmak

Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller

Kelime	Telaffuz	Anlam
come out fiil	/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/	çıkmak
figure out fiil		açığa çıkarmak

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı doesn't, don't, can't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 15 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

“sh” ve “zh” sesleri: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: phonology /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, phonetically /fəˈnɛtɪkli/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

/w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/, linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, scholarly /skɒ.lə.li/, pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/, fry /fɹaɪ/
/æ/ — “e”den daha açık: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; phonetics, phonology, linguistics gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →

Shadowing Practice: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - Learn English Speaking with Video

Psycholinguistics: Crash Course Linguistics #11

Anatomy & Physiology: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide | Dr. Bee's Tutorials

The French Phonetic Alphabet IPA | in 7 minutes

Train Your Ear to Hear English Rhythm and Melody

A Short History of the English Language

#001 Well, hello there engineers

Michael Swan: How to explain grammar (Part 3/6)

Philosophy of Science Lecture #1: Introduction

How Does This Stuff Make Sound???

The Concept of Language (Noam Chomsky)

Component Focus #4 - “How Do I Control My Soft Palate?” - Voice Breakdown

How to Pronounce CONSONANT SOUNDS in BRITISH ENGLISH