Shadowing Practice: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - Learn English Speaking with Video

Most Intro to Linguistics classes start with phonetics and phonology.

There are good reasons for that, it has everything we like.

Awkwardly trying to recreate sounds, silly recordings and vast charts of scary looking lettery things.

But probably the most important reason is that when we think about language, most of us probably first think about speaking.

That's just what we do naturally.

We produce a variety of sounds using our lips, tongue, mouth and some bits in our throat.

If you want to make a P sound for example, you close your lips and then release the air all at once.

If you want to make an M sound, you also close your lips and then you kind of hum, and so on.

This is what phonetics and phonology deal with.

Human speech sounds.

All the plops and hisses and trills we make to show other people what's going on in our heads.

It would be hard to get by without those.

Phonetics and phonology look at what sounds we make, how we make them and, at least phonology, looks at if there's a system behind that

or if we're just stringing random sounds together and in the end something comes out that makes a bit of sense.

But why do we need two disciplines to deal with that?

Well, because they approach the stuff really quite a bit differently.

Phonetics is very very precise.

It really matters if your A is a bit lower or higher, or if you push out lots of air with your P's and T's and D's or not,

and if you pronounce the T's in butter as T,

butter, D, butter, or just kind of tap your tongue against your gum ridge, butter.

Phonetics is interested in how we make sounds, how we hear those sounds, how we can describe them to deal with them empirically in a scholarly setting,

and how we can make those sounds visible in a way that's actually practical to write down in print.

on the other hand, doesn't sweat those little details very much.

It's not like a Londoner wouldn't understand butter, and vice versa.

Phonology says it's the same idea of a sound, they just say it a bit differently.

This may sound a bit silly, but think of the L sound for example.

English has two of those.

In words like law or light, where it's at the start, it sounds a bit different than in words like fall or ball.

Those sound much, much darker.

But you can't really mix them up because in English, light elves only come in the beginning of a syllable and dark ones at the end.

So phonologists say that because they can't come in the same spots, the difference doesn't matter.

They don't ever change the meaning of a word.

That is what phonology is interested in – systems.

Clearly the two L sounds don't make much of a difference.

Pan and can, though.

Those P and K sounds change whether you're frying something or drinking it.

A result is that in phonetics, what language you're investigating doesn't matter very much.

A B in Libyan Arabic is the same as a B in English.

But when you look at the systems, it's a different story.

In English, there's a p sound, and bin and pin are not quite the same thing really.

Arabic speakers mostly don't make a difference between those sounds, so their difference doesn't matter to a phonologist.

It's a bit like the elves in English.

You can see that it may be quite important to know whether someone is giving you a phonetic transcription of a word,

which is very precise, or a phonological one which only tells you what you need to know to figure out the rest.

That's why we use square brackets for phonetic transcriptions and slashers for phonological ones.

We also have different names for the sounds, depending on whether we are thinking about them phonetically or phonologically.

In phonetics we call them phones.

No, not that kind of phone.

In phonology we call them phonemes.

The difference between those is a story for another time though.

Let's have a quick recap of what we went over today.

Phonetics and phonology, those are both linguistic disciplines that are all about speech sounds.

Phonetics describes the sounds we actually make as precisely as possible, while phonology only looks at what really makes a difference in any one given language

and it tries to find the implications of that.

As a quick side note, there's also phonetics and phonology for sign languages, even though sign languages obviously don't have sounds in them.

For this series though we'll be dealing with oral languages only, but we may dive deeper into sign language linguistics at a later point.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: sound, phonetic, phonology, language, difference. Deze video bevat 56 zinnen en 802 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:41. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 171 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 80% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

De 13 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:

Woord	Uitspraak	Betekenis
phonetics zelfstandig naamwoord	/fəˈnɛt.ɪks/	fonetiek, klankleer
phonology zelfstandig naamwoord	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	klankleer
linguistics zelfstandig naamwoord	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/	linguïstiek, taalkunde
phonetic bijvoeglijk naamwoord	/fəˈnɛt.ɪk/	fonetisch
phonological bijvoeglijk naamwoord	/ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/	fonologisch
phonologist zelfstandig naamwoord	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/	fonoloog
elf zelfstandig naamwoord	/ɛlf/	elf, alf
phoneme zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈfoʊ.nim/	foneem
syllable zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/	lettergreep, syllabe
recreate werkwoord	/ˈɹɛk.ɹi.eɪt/	recreëren
pronounce werkwoord	/pɹəˈnaʊns/	uitspreken, verklaren
bracket zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈbɹækɪt/	haakje
fry werkwoord	/fɹaɪ/	bakken, braden

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

Woord	Uitspraak	Betekenis
come out werkwoord	/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/	uitkomen
figure out werkwoord		uitvogelen, er achter komen

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 15 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals doesn't, don't, can't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

De klanken “sh” en “zh”: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: phonology /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, phonetically /fəˈnɛtɪkli/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/

Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:

/æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/
/g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/, linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
/w/ — met ronde lippen: linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/, linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

Zo oefen je met deze video

Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als phonetics, phonology, linguistics.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →

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