Prática de Shadowing: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

Most Intro to Linguistics classes start with phonetics and phonology.

There are good reasons for that, it has everything we like.

Awkwardly trying to recreate sounds, silly recordings and vast charts of scary looking lettery things.

But probably the most important reason is that when we think about language, most of us probably first think about speaking.

That's just what we do naturally.

We produce a variety of sounds using our lips, tongue, mouth and some bits in our throat.

If you want to make a P sound for example, you close your lips and then release the air all at once.

If you want to make an M sound, you also close your lips and then you kind of hum, and so on.

This is what phonetics and phonology deal with.

Human speech sounds.

All the plops and hisses and trills we make to show other people what's going on in our heads.

It would be hard to get by without those.

Phonetics and phonology look at what sounds we make, how we make them and, at least phonology, looks at if there's a system behind that

or if we're just stringing random sounds together and in the end something comes out that makes a bit of sense.

But why do we need two disciplines to deal with that?

Well, because they approach the stuff really quite a bit differently.

Phonetics is very very precise.

It really matters if your A is a bit lower or higher, or if you push out lots of air with your P's and T's and D's or not,

and if you pronounce the T's in butter as T,

butter, D, butter, or just kind of tap your tongue against your gum ridge, butter.

Phonetics is interested in how we make sounds, how we hear those sounds, how we can describe them to deal with them empirically in a scholarly setting,

and how we can make those sounds visible in a way that's actually practical to write down in print.

on the other hand, doesn't sweat those little details very much.

It's not like a Londoner wouldn't understand butter, and vice versa.

Phonology says it's the same idea of a sound, they just say it a bit differently.

This may sound a bit silly, but think of the L sound for example.

English has two of those.

In words like law or light, where it's at the start, it sounds a bit different than in words like fall or ball.

Those sound much, much darker.

But you can't really mix them up because in English, light elves only come in the beginning of a syllable and dark ones at the end.

So phonologists say that because they can't come in the same spots, the difference doesn't matter.

They don't ever change the meaning of a word.

That is what phonology is interested in – systems.

Clearly the two L sounds don't make much of a difference.

Pan and can, though.

Those P and K sounds change whether you're frying something or drinking it.

A result is that in phonetics, what language you're investigating doesn't matter very much.

A B in Libyan Arabic is the same as a B in English.

But when you look at the systems, it's a different story.

In English, there's a p sound, and bin and pin are not quite the same thing really.

Arabic speakers mostly don't make a difference between those sounds, so their difference doesn't matter to a phonologist.

It's a bit like the elves in English.

You can see that it may be quite important to know whether someone is giving you a phonetic transcription of a word,

which is very precise, or a phonological one which only tells you what you need to know to figure out the rest.

That's why we use square brackets for phonetic transcriptions and slashers for phonological ones.

We also have different names for the sounds, depending on whether we are thinking about them phonetically or phonologically.

In phonetics we call them phones.

No, not that kind of phone.

In phonology we call them phonemes.

The difference between those is a story for another time though.

Let's have a quick recap of what we went over today.

Phonetics and phonology, those are both linguistic disciplines that are all about speech sounds.

Phonetics describes the sounds we actually make as precisely as possible, while phonology only looks at what really makes a difference in any one given language

and it tries to find the implications of that.

As a quick side note, there's also phonetics and phonology for sign languages, even though sign languages obviously don't have sounds in them.

For this series though we'll be dealing with oral languages only, but we may dive deeper into sign language linguistics at a later point.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação de nível C1 usa o vídeo “Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction”. As palavras que mais se repetem: sound, phonetic, phonology, language, difference. Este vídeo tem 56 frases e 802 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:41. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 171 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:

Palavra	Pronúncia	Significado
phonetics substantivo	/fəˈnɛt.ɪks/	fonética
phonology substantivo	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	fonologia
linguistics substantivo	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/	linguística
phonetic adjetivo	/fəˈnɛt.ɪk/	fonético
phonological adjetivo	/ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/	fonológico
phonologist substantivo	/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/	fonólogo, fonóloga
elf substantivo	/ɛlf/	elfo
empirically advérbio		empiricamente
phoneme substantivo	/ˈfoʊ.nim/	fonema
phonetically advérbio	/fəˈnɛtɪkli/	foneticamente
phonologically advérbio		fonologicamente
syllable substantivo	/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/	sílaba
pronounce verbo	/pɹəˈnaʊns/	declarar
linguistic adjetivo	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/	linguístico
bracket substantivo	/ˈbɹækɪt/	cantoneira, cachorro

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

Palavra	Pronúncia	Significado
come out verbo	/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/	sair, partir
figure out verbo		descobrir, deduzir

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 15 contrações e formas reduzidas, como doesn't, don't, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: phonology /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, phonetically /fəˈnɛtɪkli/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: phonetic /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/, phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/, recreate /ˈɹɛk.ɹi.eɪt/, linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/
/l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: phonological /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, syllable /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/

Como praticar com este vídeo

Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como phonetics, phonology, linguistics.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →

Prática de Shadowing: Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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