Shadowing Practice: Are we too Materialistic? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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It doesn't seem to make sense to suggest that there might be such a thing as good materialism.
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After all, isn't materialism just plain bad, always?
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It can seem as if we're faced with a stark choice.
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Either you can be materialistic, and that means obsessed with money and possessions, shallow and selfish, or you can reject materialism,
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be good and focus on more important matters of the spirit.
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But in truth, most of us are, in our hearts, stuck somewhere between these two choices, which is pretty uncomfortable.
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We're still enmeshed in the desire to possess, but we're encouraged to feel rather bad about it.
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Yet, crucially, it's not actually materialism, the pure fact of buying things and getting excited by possessions, that's ever really the problem.
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We're failing to make a clear distinction between good and bad versions of materialism.
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Let's try to understand good materialism through a slightly unusual route – religion.
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Because we see them as focused exclusively on spiritual things, it can be surprising to note how much use religions have made of material things.
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They've spent a lot of time making and thinking about scrolls to hang in your house,
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shrines, temples, monasteries, artworks, clothes, ceremonies.
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However, they've cared about these things for one reason only
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because they've wanted material things to serve the highest and noblest purpose – the development of our souls.
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It's just that they've recognised that we are incarnate, sensory, bodily beings and that the way to get through to our souls has to be,
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at least in part, through our bodies rather than merely through the intellect.
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The importance of material things was for centuries at the core of Christianity
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which proposed that Jesus was both the highest spiritual being and a flesh and blood person.
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He was the spirit incarnate, holiness embodied.
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In the Catholic mass, great significance is accorded to the bread and the wine, which are believed to be transubstantiations of Christ,
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that is, material objects which simultaneously have a spiritual identity, just as Jesus himself combined the spiritual and the bodily while on earth.
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This can all sound like a very weird and arcane point, entirely removed from the local shopping mall.
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But exactly the same concept actually applies outside of religions.
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Many good material possessions can be said to involve a kind of transubstantiation, whereby they are both practical and physical,
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and also embody or allude to a positive personality or spirit.
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Take this watch by the designer Dieter Rams.
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To the outer eye, it's an ordinary timepiece, but at a psychological level, it's also a kind of transubstantiation.
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It tells the time, but it also hints at a more psychological or even spiritual side, with ideals of purity, simplicity and harmony floating around it.
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It tells us how long there is till lunch, but it's also trying to nudge us towards being a certain sort of person.
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Or take this chair.
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It, too, transubstantiates a set of important values straightforwardness, strength, honesty and elegance.
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By getting closer to the chair we stand to become a little more like it, which is an important piece of inner evolution.
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Material objects can therefore be said to play a positive psychological or spiritual role in our lives when higher,
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more positive ideals are materialized in them, and so when buying and using them daily gives us a chance to get closer to our better selves.
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When they're contained in physical things,
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valuable psychological qualities that are otherwise often intermittent in our thoughts and conduct can become more stable and resilient.
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This isn't to say that all consumerism just conveniently turns out to be great.
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It depends on what a given material object stands for.
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An object can transubstantiate the very worst sides of human nature, greed, callousness, the desire to triumph, as much as it can the best sides.
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So, we must be careful not to decry or celebrate all material consumption just like that.
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We have to ensure that the objects we invest in
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and tire ourselves and the planet by making are those that lend most encouragement to our higher, better natures.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Are we too Materialistic?”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: material, materialism, spiritual, object, psychological. Deze video bevat 43 zinnen en 686 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:24. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 156 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 80% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| spiritual bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | geestelijk, spiritueel |
| psychological bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psychologisch |
| possession zelfstandig naamwoord | /pəˈzɛʃn̩/ | bezetenheid |
| ideal bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ | ideaal, optimaal |
| bodily bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈbɑdɪli/ | lichamelijk, somatisch |
| practical bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | praktisch |
| stable zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | stal, paardenstal |
| encourage werkwoord | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | bemoedigen, aanmoedigen |
| temple zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | tempel |
| unusual bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/ | ongebruikelijk, ongewoon |
| plain zelfstandig naamwoord | /pleɪn/ | vlakte |
| ceremony zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/ | ceremonie, plechtigheid |
| designer zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ | ontwerper, designer |
| ordinary bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | gewoon, alledaags |
| evolution zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolutie |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have made · They've spent · they've cared |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is accorded · can be said · be said |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | choices, which is · wine, which are |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 12 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals they've, we're, isn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: possession /pəˈzɛʃn̩/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, flesh /flɛʃ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, ceremony /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/, lend /ˈlɛnd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, transubstantiation /tɹænz.səbˈstæn.ʃiˌeɪ.ʃən/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/, greed /ɡɹiːd/, elegance /ˈɛl.ɪ.ɡəns/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als spiritual, psychological, possession.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.