Shadowing Practice: Are we too Materialistic? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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43 cümleler
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It doesn't seem to make sense to suggest that there might be such a thing as good materialism.
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After all, isn't materialism just plain bad, always?
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It can seem as if we're faced with a stark choice.
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Either you can be materialistic, and that means obsessed with money and possessions, shallow and selfish, or you can reject materialism,
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be good and focus on more important matters of the spirit.
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But in truth, most of us are, in our hearts, stuck somewhere between these two choices, which is pretty uncomfortable.
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We're still enmeshed in the desire to possess, but we're encouraged to feel rather bad about it.
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Yet, crucially, it's not actually materialism, the pure fact of buying things and getting excited by possessions, that's ever really the problem.
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We're failing to make a clear distinction between good and bad versions of materialism.
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Let's try to understand good materialism through a slightly unusual route – religion.
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Because we see them as focused exclusively on spiritual things, it can be surprising to note how much use religions have made of material things.
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They've spent a lot of time making and thinking about scrolls to hang in your house,
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shrines, temples, monasteries, artworks, clothes, ceremonies.
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However, they've cared about these things for one reason only
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because they've wanted material things to serve the highest and noblest purpose – the development of our souls.
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It's just that they've recognised that we are incarnate, sensory, bodily beings and that the way to get through to our souls has to be,
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at least in part, through our bodies rather than merely through the intellect.
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The importance of material things was for centuries at the core of Christianity
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which proposed that Jesus was both the highest spiritual being and a flesh and blood person.
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He was the spirit incarnate, holiness embodied.
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In the Catholic mass, great significance is accorded to the bread and the wine, which are believed to be transubstantiations of Christ,
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that is, material objects which simultaneously have a spiritual identity, just as Jesus himself combined the spiritual and the bodily while on earth.
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This can all sound like a very weird and arcane point, entirely removed from the local shopping mall.
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But exactly the same concept actually applies outside of religions.
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Many good material possessions can be said to involve a kind of transubstantiation, whereby they are both practical and physical,
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and also embody or allude to a positive personality or spirit.
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Take this watch by the designer Dieter Rams.
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To the outer eye, it's an ordinary timepiece, but at a psychological level, it's also a kind of transubstantiation.
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It tells the time, but it also hints at a more psychological or even spiritual side, with ideals of purity, simplicity and harmony floating around it.
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It tells us how long there is till lunch, but it's also trying to nudge us towards being a certain sort of person.
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Or take this chair.
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It, too, transubstantiates a set of important values straightforwardness, strength, honesty and elegance.
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By getting closer to the chair we stand to become a little more like it, which is an important piece of inner evolution.
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Material objects can therefore be said to play a positive psychological or spiritual role in our lives when higher,
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more positive ideals are materialized in them, and so when buying and using them daily gives us a chance to get closer to our better selves.
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When they're contained in physical things,
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valuable psychological qualities that are otherwise often intermittent in our thoughts and conduct can become more stable and resilient.
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This isn't to say that all consumerism just conveniently turns out to be great.
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It depends on what a given material object stands for.
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An object can transubstantiate the very worst sides of human nature, greed, callousness, the desire to triumph, as much as it can the best sides.
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So, we must be careful not to decry or celebrate all material consumption just like that.
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We have to ensure that the objects we invest in
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and tire ourselves and the planet by making are those that lend most encouragement to our higher, better natures.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “Are we too Materialistic?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: material, materialism, spiritual, object, psychological. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 43 cümle ve 686 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:24 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 156 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| spiritual sıfat | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | spiritüel, tinsel |
| psychological sıfat | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psikolojik |
| stable isim | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | ahır |
| encourage fiil | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | teşvik etmek, cesaretlendirmek |
| temple isim | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | tapınak, toplak |
| unusual sıfat | /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/ | alışılmadık, olağandışı |
| plain isim | /pleɪn/ | düzlük, ova |
| ceremony isim | /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/ | seremoni, ayin |
| designer isim | /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ | tasarımcı, dizayncı |
| ordinary sıfat | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | sıradan, olağan |
| merely zarf | /ˈmɪəli/ | sadece, yalnızca |
| consumption isim | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | tüketim |
| mall isim | /mɔːl/ | alışveriş merkezi, AVM |
| noble sıfat | /ˈnoʊbəl/ | soylu, asil |
| flesh isim | /flɛʃ/ | et |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have made · They've spent · they've cared |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is accorded · can be said · be said |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | choices, which is · wine, which are |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı they've, we're, isn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 12 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: possession /pəˈzɛʃn̩/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, flesh /flɛʃ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, ceremony /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: artwork /ˈɑɹtˌwɝk/, whereby /wɛə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, plain /pleɪn/, flesh /flɛʃ/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, transubstantiation /tɹænz.səbˈstæn.ʃiˌeɪ.ʃən/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; spiritual, psychological, stable gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.