Shadowing Practice: Game Theory Scene | 21(2008) | Now Playing - Learn English Speaking with Video
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All right.
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Now, who can explain Newton's method and how you use it?
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Uh, you can use it to solve nonlinear equations.
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That's impressive.
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That's really good.
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I mean, I'm very impressed by that, especially since my class is called Non-Linear Equations.
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All right, now somebody tell me something I don't already know.
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Anyone?
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Bueller, anyone?
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Bueller?
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Newton stole it.
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I'm sorry?
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Newton stole it.
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Joseph Rafson published the same method 50 years earlier.
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If the start value is too far removed from true zero, then it fails.
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I'm sorry, what's your name?
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Ben.
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Ben Campbell.
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Ben.
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So Ben Campbell suggests that Joseph Rafson was the original author of this method.
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Well, if that's the case, then why didn't he get any credit?
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Well, for one thing, Newton had a better publicist.
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And for another, after 1700, we know very little about Rafson other than the fact that he discovered the Kabbalah about 300 years before Madonna.
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All right, now, let's give Ben a chance for some extra credit, shall we?
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We're gonna call this, um, the game show host problem, all right?
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Ben, suppose you're on a game show, and you are given a chance to choose from three different doors, all right?
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Now, behind one of the doors is a new car.
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Behind the other two, goats.
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Which door would you choose, Ben?
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How would you choose, Ben?
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Uh, door number one.
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Door number one.
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Ben chooses door number one.
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All right, now, the game show host, who, by the way, knows what's behind all the other doors, decides to open another door.
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Let's say he chooses door number three, behind which sits a goat.
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Now, Ben, game show host comes up to you and says, Ben, do you want to stay with door number one or go with door number two?
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Now, is it in your interest to switch your choice?
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Yeah.
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Well, wait.
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Remember, the host knows where the car is.
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So, how do you know he's not playing a trick on you, trying to use reverse psychology to get you to pick a goat?
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Well, I wouldn't really care.
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I mean, my answer's based on statistics, based on variable change.
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Variable change?
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He just asked you a simple question.
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Yeah, but it just changed everything.
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Enlighten us.
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Well, when I was originally asked to choose a door, I had a 33.3% chance of choosing right.
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But after he opens one of the doors and then re-offers me the choice, it's now 66.7% if I choose to switch.
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So, yeah, I'll take door number two and thank you for the extra 33.3%.
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Exactly.
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People remember, if you don't know which door to open, always account for variable change.
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Now, see, most people wouldn't take the switch out of paranoia,
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fear, emotions, but Mr. Campbell kept motions aside and let simple math get his ass into a brand new car.
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Which is better than that goat you've been driving around campus.
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All right, everybody.
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That's the end of the day.
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Thank you very much.
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Your graded papers are down here at the end down here
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at the end you can pick them up on your way out
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 60 zinnen en 526 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:13. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 164 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
13 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| goat zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡoʊt/ | geit, bok |
| variable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | veranderlijk, variabel |
| steal werkwoord | /stiːl/ | stelen, ontvreemden |
| equation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | vergelijking |
| impressive bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ | indrukwekkend, imposant |
| solve werkwoord | /sɒlv/ | oplossen |
| discover werkwoord | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | ontdekken |
| psychology zelfstandig naamwoord | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | psychologie, zielkunde |
| emotion zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | emotie |
| mathematics zelfstandig naamwoord | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | wiskunde, mathematiek |
| impress werkwoord | /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ | imponeren, indruk maken |
| paranoia zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ | paranoia |
| publicist zelfstandig naamwoord | publiciteitsagent |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 13 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, don't, wouldn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als goat, variable, steal.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.